The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οστισP19 | Whoever | ὅστις | Whoever | οστις | | | quicumque | Qui | Whoever | ܡܢ | Whoever | Ὅστις | Whoever | |||||
δP19 | now | δ᾽ | now | δ | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | now | δ’ | now | |||||
ανP19 | maybe | ἂν | maybe | αν | | | negauerit | — | — | ܕܢܟܦܘܪ | maybe | ἂν | maybe | |||||
αρνησητεP19 | may deny | ἀρνήσηταί | may deny | — | | | me | negaverit | has denied | — | — | ἀρνήσηταί | may deny | |||||
μεP19 | Me | με | Me | με | | | coram | me | me | ܒܝ | Me | με | Me | |||||
ενπροσθενP19 | before | ἔμπροσθεν | before | — | | | hominibus | coram | before | ܩܕܡ | before | ἔμπροσθεν | before | |||||
τωνP19 | <the> | τῶν | <the> | των | | | caelis | — | — | — | — | τῶν | <the> | |||||
ανθρωπωνP19 | men, | ἀνθρώπων, | men, | ανθρωπων | | | negabo | hominibus | men | ܒܢܝܢܫܐ | men, | ἀνθρώπων | men, | |||||
αρνησομαιP19 | will deny | ἀρνήσομαι | will deny | αρνησομαι | | | et | negabo | I will deny | ܐܟܦܘܪ | will deny | ἀρνήσομαι | will deny | |||||
καγωP19 | I myself also | κἀγὼ | I myself also | καγω | | | ego | et ego | and I | ܒܗ | I myself also | αὐτὸν | I myself also | |||||
αυτονP19 | him | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | him | ܐܦ | him | κἀγὼ | him | |||||
ενπροσθενP19 | before | ἔμπροσθεν | before | — | | | coram | coram | before | — | — | ἔμπροσθεν | before | |||||
τουP19 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | est | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
πατροσP19 | Father | πατρός | Father | πατρος | | | patre | Patre | Father | ܐܢܐ | Father | πατρός | Father | |||||
μουP19 | of Mine | μου | of Mine | μου | | | meo | meo | of Mine | ܩܕܡ | of Mine | μου | of Mine | |||||
τουP19 | who is | τοῦ | who is | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | who is | |||||
ενP19 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | qui | in | in | ܐܒܝ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
ουρανοισP19 | the | τοῖς | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | οὐρανοῖς | the | |||||
οὐρανοῖς.¶P19 | heavens. | οὐρανοῖς.¶ | heavens. | ουρανοις | | | in | cælis | the heavens | ܕܒܫܡܝܐ | heavens. | οὐρανοῖς.¶ | heavens. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||