The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Οὐκ | Not | ουκ | | | non | Non | Not | ܠܝܬ | Not | Οὐκ | Not | ||||||
| — | ἔστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܬܠܡܝܕܐ | is | ἔστιν | is | ||||||
| — | μαθητὴς | a disciple | μαθητης | | | discipulus | discipulus | a disciple | ܕܝܬܝܪ | a disciple | μαθητὴς | a disciple | ||||||
| — | ὑπὲρ | above | ϋπερ | | | super | super | above | ܡܢ | above | ὑπὲρ | above | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | διδάσκαλον | teacher | διδασκαλον | | | magistrum | magistrum | teacher | — | — | διδάσκαλον | teacher | ||||||
| — | οὐδὲ | nor is | ουδε | | | nec | nec | nor is | ܪܒܗ | nor is | οὐδὲ | nor is | ||||||
| — | δοῦλος | a servant | δουλος | | | seruus | servus | a servant | ܘܠܐ | a servant | δοῦλος | a servant | ||||||
| — | ὑπὲρ | above | ϋπερ | | | super | super | above | ܥܒܕܐ | above | ὑπὲρ | above | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | κύριον | master | κν | | | dominum | dominum | master | ܡܢ | master | κύριον | master | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | of him. | αυτου | | | suum | suum | of him. | ܡܪܗ | of him. | αὐτοῦ | of him. | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||