The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | pauebant | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | discipuli | Discipuli | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | μαθηταὶ | the disciples | μαθηται | | | autem | autem | the disciples | ܕܝܢ | the disciples | μαθηταὶ | the disciples | ||||||
| — | ἐθαμβοῦντο | were astonished | — | | | — | obstupescebant | were astonished | ܡܬܕܡܪܝܢ | were astonished | ἐθαμβοῦντο | were astonished | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | at | — | | | in | in | at | ܗܘܘ | at | ἐπὶ | at | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | ||||||
| — | λόγοις | words | — | | | uerbis | verbis | words | ܥܠ | words | λόγοις | words | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | of Him. | αυτου | | | eius | ejus | of Him. | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of Him. | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | eius | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | — | | | — | At | But | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܘܥܢܐ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | — | | | rursus | rursus | again | ܬܘܒ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | — | | | respondens | respondens | answering | ܝܫܘܥ | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | ||||||
| — | λέγει | He says | — | | | ait | ait | He says | ܘܐܡܪ | He says | λέγει | He says | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | — | | | illis | illis | to them; | ܠܗܘܢ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | τέκνα, | Children, | — | | | fili | Filioli | Children, | ܒܢܝ | Children, | Τέκνα | Children, | ||||||
| — | πῶς | how | — | | | quam | quam | how | ܟܡܐ | how | πῶς | how | ||||||
| — | δύσκολόν | difficult | — | | | difficile | difficile | difficult | ܥܛܠܐ | difficult | δύσκολόν | difficult | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | it is | — | | | est | est | it is | ܠܐܝܠܝܢ | it is | ἐστιν | it is | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | <the> | ||||||
| — | πεποιθότας | having trusted | — | | | confidentes | confidentes | having trusted | — | — | πεποιθότας | having trusted | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | upon | επι | | | in | in | upon | ܕܬܟܝܠܝܢ | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | <the> | τοις | | | et | — | — | — | — | χρήμασιν | <the> | ||||||
| — | χρήμασιν | riches | χρημασιν | | | pecunias | pecuniis | riches | ܥܠ | riches | εἰς | riches | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܢܟܤܝܗܘܢ | into | τὴν | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | βασιλείαν | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν | kingdom | βασιλειαν | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom | ܕܢܥܠܘܢ | kingdom | τοῦ | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | θεοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | di | Dei | of God | ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ | of God | εἰσελθεῖν | of God | ||||||
| — | εἰσελθεῖν. | to enter! | εισελθειν | | | introire | introire | to enter! | ܕܐܠܗܐ | to enter! | εἰσελθεῖν. | to enter! | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||