The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܚܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | περιβλεψάμενος | having looked around | περιβλεψαμενος | | | circumspiciens | circumspiciens | having looked around | ܕܝܢ | having looked around | περιβλεψάμενος | having looked around | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | in | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | λέγει | says | λεγει | | | ait | ait | says | ܒܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | says | λέγει | says | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | to the | τοις | | | di | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | to the | ||||||
| — | μαθηταῖς | disciples | μαθηταις | | | discipulis | discipulis | disciples | ܘܐܡܪ | disciples | μαθηταῖς | disciples | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ· | of Him; | αυτου | | | suis | suis | of Him; | ܠܗܘܢ | of Him; | αὐτοῦ | of Him; | ||||||
| — | πῶς | How | πως | | | quam | Quam | How | ܟܡܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
| — | δυσκόλως | difficultly | δυσκολως | | | difficile | difficile | difficultly | ܥܛܠܐ | difficultly | δυσκόλως | difficultly | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | τὰ | <the> | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | <the> | ||||||
| — | χρήματα | riches | χρηματα | | | qui | qui | riches | ܠܐܝܠܝܢ | riches | χρήματα | riches | ||||||
| — | ἔχοντες | having | εχοντες | | | pecunias | pecunias | having | ܕܐܝܬ | having | ἔχοντες | having | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | habent | habent | into | ܠܗܘܢ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν | kingdom | βασιλειαν | | | introibunt | in | kingdom | ܢܟܤܐ | kingdom | βασιλείαν | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | regnum | regnum | of God | ܕܢܥܠܘܢ | of God | θεοῦ | of God | ||||||
| — | εἰσελεύσονται. | will enter! | εισελευσονται | | | — | Dei | will enter! | ܠܡܠܟܘܬܐ | will enter! | εἰσελεύσονται | will enter! | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||