The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οP45 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | et | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
δεP45 | And | δὲ | And | δε | | | cum | Jesus | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
ιηP45 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | introisset | autem | Jesus | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
κρατησασP45 | having taken | κρατήσας | having taken | κρατησας | | | in | tenens | having taken | ܕܝܢ | having taken | κρατήσας | having taken | |||||
τησP45 | by the | τῆς | by the | της | | | domum | — | — | — | — | αὐτὸν | by the | |||||
χειροσP45 | hand | χειρὸς | hand | χειρος | | | discipuli | manum | hand | ܝܫܘܥ | hand | τῆς | hand | |||||
αυτουP45 | him | αὐτοῦ | him | αυτου | | | eius | ejus | him | — | — | χειρός | him | |||||
ηγειρενP45 | raised up | ἤγειρεν | raised up | ηγειρεν | | | secreto | elevavit | raised up | ܐܚܕܗ | raised up | ἤγειρεν | raised up | |||||
αυτονP45 | him, | αὐτόν, | him, | αυτον | | | interrogabant | eum | him, | ܒܐܝܕܗ | him, | αὐτόν | him, | |||||
καὶP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | eum | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
ἀνέστη.¶P45 | he arose. | ἀνέστη.¶ | he arose. | ανεστη | | | quare | surrexit | he arose. | ܘܐܩܝܡܗ | he arose. | ἀνέστη | he arose. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||