The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܩܡ | And | Κἀκεῖθεν | And | ||||||
| — | ἐκεῖθεν | from there | εκειθεν | | | inde | inde | from there | ܡܢ | from there | ἀναστὰς | from there | ||||||
| — | ἀναστὰς | having risen up | — | | | exurgens | exsurgens | having risen up | ܬܡܢ | having risen up | ἔρχεται | having risen up | ||||||
| — | ἔρχεται | He comes | ερχεται | | | uenit | venit | He comes | ܘܐܬܐ | He comes | εἰς | He comes | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܠܬܚܘܡܐ | into | τὰ | into | ||||||
| — | τὰ | the | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὅρια | the | ||||||
| — | ὅρια | region | ορια | | | fines | fines | region | — | — | τῆς | region | ||||||
| — | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰουδαίας | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰουδαίας | of Judea | ϊουδαιας | | | iudaeae | Judææ | of Judea | ܕܝܗܘܕ | of Judea | διὰ | of Judea | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | ultra | ultra | and | ܠܥܒܪܐ | and | τοῦ | and | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | πέραν | <the> | ||||||
| — | πέραν | beyond | περαν | | | iordanen | Jordanem | beyond | ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ | beyond | τοῦ | beyond | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰορδάνου | the | ||||||
| — | Ἰορδάνου, | Jordan, | ϊορδανου | | | et | et | Jordan, | ܘܐܙܠܘ | Jordan, | καὶ | Jordan, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | — | — | — | ܠܬܡܢ | And | συμπορεύονται | And | ||||||
| — | συμπορεύονται | come together | — | | | conuenit | conveniunt | come together | ܠܘܬܗ | come together | πάλιν | come together | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | ܟܢܫܐ | again | ὄχλοι | again | ||||||
| — | ὄχλοι | crowds | — | | | turba | turbæ | crowds | ܤܓܝܐܐ | crowds | πρὸς | crowds | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | ܘܡܠܦ | to | αὐτόν | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν, | Him, | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him, | ܗܘܐ | Him, | καί | Him, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | — | — | ὡς | and | ||||||
| — | ὡς | as | ως | | | sicut | sicut | as | ܠܗܘܢ | as | εἰώθει | as | ||||||
| — | εἰώθει | He had been accustomed | ειωθι | | | consuerat | consueverat | He had been accustomed | ܬܘܒ | He had been accustomed | πάλιν | He had been accustomed | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | ܐܝܟ | again | ἐδίδασκεν | again | ||||||
| — | ἐδίδασκεν | He was teaching | εδιδασκεν | | | docebat | docebat | He was teaching | ܕܡܥܕ | He was teaching | αὐτούς | He was teaching | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς. | them. | αυτους | | | eos | illos | them. | ܗܘܐ | them. | αὐτούς. | them. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||