The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܩܪܒܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | προσελθόντες | having come to him | — | | | illum | accedentes | having come to him | ܦܪܝܫܐ | having come to him | προσελθόντες | having come to him | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Φαρισαῖοι | the | ||||||
| — | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | — | | | — | pharisæi | Pharisees | ܡܢܤܝܢ | Pharisees | ἐπηρώτησαν | Pharisees | ||||||
| — | ἐπηρώτων | were questioning | — | | | interrogabant | interrogabant | were questioning | — | — | αὐτόν | were questioning | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | — | | | eum | eum | Him | ܠܗ | Him | Εἰ | Him | ||||||
| — | εἰ | if | — | | | si | Si | if | ܘܡܫܐܠܝܢ | if | ἔξεστιν | if | ||||||
| — | ἔξεστιν | it is lawful | — | | | licet | licet | it is lawful | ܕܐܢ | it is lawful | ἀνδρὶ | it is lawful | ||||||
| — | ἀνδρὶ | for a husband | — | | | uiro | viro | for a husband | ܫܠܝܛ | for a husband | γυναῖκα | for a husband | ||||||
| — | γυναῖκα | a wife | γυναικα | | | uxorem | uxorem | a wife | — | — | ἀπολῦσαι | a wife | ||||||
| — | ἀπολῦσαι | to divorce | απολυσαι | | | dimittere | dimittere | to divorce | ܠܓܒܪܐ | to divorce | πειράζοντες | to divorce | ||||||
| — | πειράζοντες | testing | πειραζοντες | | | — | tentantes | testing | ܕܢܫܒܘܩ | testing | αὐτόν | testing | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν. | Him. | αυτον | | | temptantes | eum | Him. | ܐܢܬܬܗ | Him. | αὐτόν. | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||