The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἀκούετε.¶ | do listen! | ακουετε | | | audite | Audite | do listen! | ܫܡܥܘ | do listen! | Ἀκούετε | do listen! | ||||||
| — | Ἰδοὺ | Behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | ecce | Behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | Behold | ||||||
| — | ἐξῆλθεν | went out | εξηλθεν | | | exiit | exiit | went out | ܢܦܩ | went out | ἐξῆλθεν | went out | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the one | ο | | | seminator | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the one | ||||||
| — | σπείρων | sowing | σπειρων | | | seminare | seminans | sowing | ܙܪܘܥܐ | sowing | σπείρων | sowing | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | of the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | ||||||
| — | σπεῖραι· | to sow; | — | | | — | ad | to sow; | ܠܡܙܪܥ | to sow; | σπεῖραι | to sow; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||