The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αφηκενP66 · P75 | He left | ἀφῆκεν | He left | αφηκεν | | | reliquid | reliquit | He left | ܘܫܒܩܗ | He left | ἀφῆκεν | He left | |||||
τηP66 · P75 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | terram | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | |||||
ιουδαιανP66 · P75 | Judea | Ἰουδαίαν | Judea | ϊουδαιαν | | | iudaeam | Judæam | Judea | ܠܝܗܘܕ | Judea | Ἰουδαίαν | Judea | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܙܠ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
απηλθενP66 · P75 | went away | ἀπῆλθεν | went away | απηλθεν | | | abiit | abiit | went away | — | — | ἀπῆλθεν | went away | |||||
παλινP66 · P75 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | ܠܗ | again | εἰς | again | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܬܘܒ | into | τὴν | into | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | Γαλιλαίαν | <the> | |||||
γαλιλαιανP66 · P75 | Galilee. | Γαλιλαίαν. | Galilee. | γαλιλαιαν | | | alilaeam | Galilæam | Galilee. | ܠܓܠܝܠܐ | Galilee. | Γαλιλαίαν. | Galilee. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||