The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηνP66 · P75 | There was | Ἦν | There was | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Erat | There was | ܐܝܬ | There was | Ἦν | There was | ||||||
δεP66 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
ανοσP66 · P75 | a man | ἄνθρωπος | a man | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | homo | a man | ܕܝܢ | a man | ἄνθρωπος | a man | ||||||
εκP66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ex | of | ܬܡܢ | of | ἐκ | of | ||||||
τωνP66 · P75 | the | τῶν | the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | ||||||
φαρισαιωνP66 · P75 | Pharisees, | Φαρισαίων, | Pharisees, | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | ܓܒܪܐ | Pharisees, | Φαρισαίων | Pharisees, | ||||||
νεικοδημοσP66 · P75 | Nicodemus | Νικόδημος | Nicodemus | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | pharisæis | Nicodemus | ܡܢ | Nicodemus | Νικόδημος | Nicodemus | ||||||
ονομαP66 · P75 | name | ὄνομα | name | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Nicodemus | name | ܦܪܝܫܐ | name | ὄνομα | name | ||||||
αυτωP66 · P75 | to him, | αὐτῷ, | to him, | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | nomine | to him, | ܢܝܩܕܡܘܤ | to him, | αὐτῷ | to him, | ||||||
αρχωνP66 · P75 | a ruler | ἄρχων | a ruler | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | princeps | a ruler | ܫܡܗ | a ruler | ἄρχων | a ruler | ||||||
τωνP66 · P75 | of the | τῶν | of the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
ιουδαιωνP66 · P75 | Jews. | Ἰουδαίων. | Jews. | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Judæorum | Jews. | ܐܪܟܘܢܐ | Jews. | Ἰουδαίων | Jews. | ||||||
| Next Verse Available | Resumes at 3:26 | ||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||