The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | et | and | ܘܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
οτιP66 · P75 | because | ὅτι | because | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | quia | because | ܤܢܝܩ | because | ὅτι | because | ||||||
ουP66 · P75 | no | οὐ | no | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | opus | no | ܗܘܐ | no | οὐ | no | ||||||
χρειανP66 · P75 | need | χρείαν | need | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ei | need | ܕܐܢܫ | need | χρείαν | need | ||||||
ειχεP66 · P75 | He had | εἶχεν | He had | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | non | He had | ܢܤܗܕ | He had | εἶχεν | He had | ||||||
ιναP66 · P75 | that | ἵνα | that | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | erat | that | ܠܗ | that | ἵνα | that | ||||||
τισP66 · P75 | anyone | τις | anyone | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ut | anyone | ܥܠ | anyone | τις | anyone | ||||||
μαρτυρησηP66 · P75 | may testify | μαρτυρήσῃ | may testify | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | quis | may testify | ܟܠ | may testify | μαρτυρήσῃ | may testify | ||||||
περιP66 · P75 | concerning | περὶ | concerning | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | testimonium | concerning | — | — | περὶ | concerning | ||||||
τουP66 · P75 | the | τοῦ | the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
ανουP66 · P75 | man; | ἀνθρώπου· | man; | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | de | man; | ܒܪܢܫ | man; | ἀνθρώπου | man; | ||||||
αυτοσP66 · P75 | He Himself | αὐτὸς | He Himself | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | homine | He Himself | ܗܘ | He Himself | αὐτὸς | He Himself | ||||||
γαρP66 · P75 | for | γὰρ | for | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ipse | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
εγινωσκενP66 · P75 | was knowing | ἐγίνωσκεν | was knowing | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | enim | was knowing | ܝܕܥ | was knowing | ἐγίνωσκεν | was knowing | ||||||
τιP66 · P75 | what | τί | what | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | sciebat | what | ܗܘܐ | what | τί | what | ||||||
ηνP66 · P75 | was | ἦν | was | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | quid | was | ܡܢܐ | was | ἦν | was | ||||||
ενP66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | esset | in | ܐܝܬ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
τωP66 · P75 | the | τῷ | the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | ||||||
ανωP66 · P75 | man. | ἀνθρώπῳ.¶ | man. | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | homine | man. | ܒܒܪܢܫܐ | man. | ἀνθρώπῳ | man. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: John 3:1 | Resumes at 3:26 | ||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||