The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | eum | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | pilatus | Pilatus | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | uero | vero | Pilate | ܕܝܢ | Pilate | Πιλάτος | Pilate | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | was saying | ελεγεν | | | dicebat | dicebat | was saying | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | was saying | ἔλεγεν | was saying | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | illi | illis | to them; | ܐܡܪ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | τί | What | τι | | | quid | Quid | What | ܠܗܘܢ | What | Τί | What | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | indeed | γαρ | | | enim | enim | indeed | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | indeed | ||||||
| — | ἐποίησεν | did He commit | — | | | mali | mali | did He commit | ܓܝܪ | did He commit | κακὸν | did He commit | ||||||
| — | κακόν; | evil | κακον | | | fecit | fecit | evil | ܕܒܝܫ | evil | ἐποίησεν | evil | ||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | eis | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | δε | | | ad | At | But | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | ||||||
| — | περισσῶς | excessively | περισσως | | | adfige | illi | excessively | ܘܗܢܘܢ | excessively | περισσοτέρως | excessively | ||||||
| — | ἔκραξαν· | they shouted; | — | | | magis | magis | they shouted; | ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ | they shouted; | ἔκραξαν | they shouted; | ||||||
| — | σταύρωσον | do crucify | — | | | clamabant | clamabant | do crucify | ܩܥܝܢ | do crucify | Σταύρωσον | do crucify | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν. | Him! | αυτον | | | cruci | Crucifige | Him! | ܗܘܘ | Him! | αὐτόν | Him! | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||