The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | ad | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | illi | illi | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | — | | | iterum | iterum | again | ܕܝܢ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | ἔκραξαν· | they cried out; | εκραξαν | | | clamauerunt | clamaverunt | they cried out; | ܬܘܒ | they cried out; | ἔκραξαν | they cried out; | ||||||
| — | σταύρωσον | do crucify | — | | | cruci | Crucifige | do crucify | ܩܥܘ | do crucify | Σταύρωσον | do crucify | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν. | Him! | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him! | ܙܩܘܦܝܗܝ | Him! | αὐτόν | Him! | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||