The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | pilatus | Pilatus | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | autem | autem | Pilate | ܕܝܢ | Pilate | Πιλάτος | Pilate | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | — | | | — | iterum | again | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | again | ἀποκριθεὶς | again | ||||||
| — | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | αποκριθεις | | | — | — | — | ܐܡܪ | answering | πάλιν | answering | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | was saying | — | | | respondens | respondens | was saying | ܠܗܘܢ | was saying | εἶπεν | was saying | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | ait | ait | to them; | ܡܢܐ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | τί | What | τι | | | illis | illis | What | ܗܟܝܠ | What | Τί | What | ||||||
| — | οὖν | then | ουν | | | quid | Quid | then | ܨܒܝܢ | then | οὖν | then | ||||||
| — | θέλετε | do you wish that | — | | | ergo | ergo | do you wish that | ܐܢܬܘܢ | do you wish that | θέλετε | do you wish that | ||||||
| — | ποιήσω | I may do | ποιησω | | | uultis | vultis | I may do | ܐܥܒܕ | I may do | ποιήσω | I may do | ||||||
| — | ὃν | to Him | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܗܢܐ | to Him | ὃν | to Him | ||||||
| — | λέγετε | you named | — | | | faciam | faciam | you named | ܕܩܪܝܢ | you named | λέγετε | you named | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | βασιλέα | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλέα | King | — | | | regem | regi | King | ܐܢܬܘܢ | King | τῶν | King | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰουδαίων | of the | ||||||
| — | Ἰουδαίων; | Jews? | ϊουδαιων | | | iudaeorum | Judæorum | Jews? | ܡܠܟܐ | Jews? | Ἰουδαίων; | Jews? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||