The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܫܕܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | — | | | seruum | rursum | again | ܬܘܒ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | ἄλλον | another | αλλον | | | alium | alium | another | ܐܚܪܢܐ | another | ἄλλον | another | ||||||
| — | ἀπέστειλεν· | He sent; | απεστειλεν | | | misit | misit | He sent; | ܐܦ | He sent; | ἀπέστειλεν | He sent; | ||||||
| — | κἀκεῖνον | and him | κακεινον | | | et | et | and him | ܠܗܘ | and him | κἀκεῖνον | and him | ||||||
| — | ἀπέκτειναν, | they killed, | απεκτειναν | | | illum | illum | they killed, | ܩܛܠܘܗܝ | they killed, | ἀπέκτειναν | they killed, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | also | και | | | occiderunt | occiderunt | also | ܘܠܤܓܝܐܐ | also | καὶ | also | ||||||
| — | πολλοὺς | many | πολλους | | | et | et | many | ܥܒܕܐ | many | πολλοὺς | many | ||||||
| — | ἄλλους, | others, | αλλους | | | plures | plures | others, | ܐܚܪܢܐ | others, | ἄλλους | others, | ||||||
| — | οὓς | some | ους | | | alios | alios | some | ܫܕܪ | some | τοὺς | some | ||||||
| — | μὲν | indeed | μεν | | | quosdam | quosdam | indeed | ܘܡܢܗܘܢ | indeed | μὲν | indeed | ||||||
| — | δέροντες, | beating, | δεροντες | | | caeciderunt | cædentes | beating, | ܡܚܘ | beating, | δέροντες | beating, | ||||||
| — | οὓς | some | — | | | alios | alios | some | ܡܢܗܘܢ | some | τοὺς | some | ||||||
δεP45 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | vero | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | |||||
αποκτεννοντεσP45 | killing. | ἀποκτέννοντες. | killing. | αποκτεννοντες | | | occiderunt | occidentes | killing. | ܩܛܠܘ | killing. | ἀποκτένοντες | killing. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||