The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܫܕܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | ܬܘܒ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | ἀπέστειλεν | he sent | απεστειλεν | | | misit | misit | he sent | ܠܘܬܗܘܢ | he sent | ἀπέστειλεν | he sent | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | — | — | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | illos | illos | them | ܥܒܕܐ | them | αὐτοὺς | them | ||||||
| — | ἄλλον | another | αλλον | | | alium | alium | another | ܐܚܪܢܐ | another | ἄλλον | another | ||||||
| — | δοῦλον· | servant; | δουλον | | | seruum | servum | servant; | ܘܐܦ | servant; | δοῦλον | servant; | ||||||
| — | κἀκεῖνον | and him | — | | | et | et | and him | ܠܗܘ | and him | κἀκεῖνον | and him | ||||||
| — | λιθοβολήσαντες | stoning | — | | | illum | illum | stoning | ܪܓܡܘܗܝ | stoning | λιθοβολήσαντες | stoning | ||||||
| — | ἐκεφαλίωσαν | they struck on the head | — | | | in | in | they struck on the head | — | — | ἐκεφαλαίωσαν | they struck on the head | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | capite | capite | and | ܘܨܠܦܘܗܝ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἀπέστειλαν | sent | — | | | uulnerauerunt | vulneraverunt | sent | ܘܫܕܪܘܗܝ | sent | ἀπέστειλαν | sent | ||||||
| — | ἠτίμασαν. | dishonored. | — | | | et | et | dishonored. | ܒܨܥܪܐ | dishonored. | ἠτιμωμένον | dishonored. | ||||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||