The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܥܢܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | αποκριθεις | | | respondens | respondens | answering | ܝܫܘܥ | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | dixit | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܘܐܡܪ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | was saying | — | | | — | dicebat | was saying | — | — | ἔλεγεν | was saying | ||||||
| — | διδάσκων | teaching | διδασκων | | | docens | docens | teaching | ܟܕ | teaching | διδάσκων | teaching | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܡܠܦ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῷ | the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | ||||||
| — | ἱερῷ· | temple; | ϊερω | | | templo | templo | temple; | ܒܗܝܟܠܐ | temple; | ἱερῷ | temple; | ||||||
| — | πῶς | How | πως | | | quia | — | — | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
| — | λέγουσιν | say | λεγουσιν | | | quomodo | Quomodo | say | ܐܡܪܝܢ | say | λέγουσιν | say | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | dicunt | dicunt | scribes | ܤܦܪܐ | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | scribae | scribæ | that | — | — | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | χριστὸς | Christ | — | | | xps | Christum | Christ | ܕܡܫܝܚܐ | Christ | χριστὸς | Christ | ||||||
| — | υἱὸς | the son | ϋιος | | | filius | filium | the son | ܒܪܗ | the son | υἱός | the son | ||||||
| — | Δαυίδ | of David | δαυειδ | | | est | esse | of David | ܗܘ | of David | ἐστιν | of David | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν; | is? | εστιν | | | dauid | David | is? | ܕܕܘܝܕ | is? | Δαυίδ | is? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||