The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP59 · P66 · P75 | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | Said | ܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
ουνP59 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܠܗܘܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
αυτοισP59 · P66 · P75 | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | illis | eis | to them | ܝܫܘܥ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | |||||
οP59 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ισP59 · P66 · P75 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus; | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | |||||
ετιP59 · P66 · P75 | Yet | ἔτι | Yet | ετι | | | adhuc | Adhuc | Yet | ܩܠܝܠ | Yet | Ἔτι | Yet | |||||
μικρονP59 · P66 · P75 | a little | μικρὸν | a little | μεικρον | | | modicum | modicum | a little | ܐܚܪܝܢ | a little | μικρὸν | a little | |||||
χρονονP59 · P66 · P75 | while | χρόνον | while | χρονον | | | lumen | lumen | while | ܙܒܢܐ | while | χρόνον | while | |||||
τοP59 · P66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | tempus | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φωσP59 · P66 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | in | in | light | ܢܘܗܪܐ | light | φῶς | light | |||||
ενP59 · P66 · P75 | among | ἐν | among | εν | | | uobis | vobis | among | ܥܡܟܘܢ | among | μεθ’ | among | |||||
υμινP59 · P66 · P75 | you | ὑμῖν | you | ϋμιν | | | est | est | you | ܗܘ | you | ὑμῶν | you | |||||
εστινP59 · P66 · P75 | is. | ἐστιν. | is. | εστιν | | | ambulate | Ambulate | is. | — | — | ἐστιν | is. | |||||
περιπατειτεP59 · P66 · P75 | do walk | περιπατεῖτε | do walk | περιπατειτε | | | lux | dum | do walk | ܗܠܟܘ | do walk | Περιπατεῖτε | do walk | |||||
εωσP59 · P66 · P75 | while | ὡς | while | ως | | | — | lucem | while | ܥܕ | while | ἕως | while | |||||
τοP59 · P66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | ergo | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φωσP59 · P66 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | — | — | — | ܐܝܬ | light | φῶς | light | |||||
εχεταιP59 · P66 · P75 | you have, | ἔχετε, | you have, | εχετε | | | habetis | habetis | you have, | ܠܟܘܢ | you have, | ἔχετε | you have, | |||||
ιναP59 · P66 · P75 | so that | ἵνα | so that | ϊνα | | | ut | ut | so that | ܢܘܗܪܐ | so that | ἵνα | so that | |||||
μηP59 · P66 · P75 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܕܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | |||||
σκοτιαP59 · P66 · P75 | darkness | σκοτία | darkness | — | | | uos | vos | darkness | — | — | σκοτία | darkness | |||||
υμασP59 · P66 · P75 | you | ὑμᾶς | you | ϋμας | | | tenebrae | tenebræ | you | ܚܫܘܟܐ | you | ὑμᾶς | you | |||||
καταλαβηP59 · P66 · P75 | may grasp; | καταλάβῃ· | may grasp; | — | | | cum | comprehendant | may grasp; | ܢܕܪܟܟܘܢ | may grasp; | καταλάβῃ | may grasp; | |||||
καιP59 · P66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | et | et | And | ܘܡܢ | And | καὶ | And | |||||
οP59 · P66 · P75 | the one | ὁ | the one | — | | | adpraehendant | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the one | |||||
περιπατωνP59 · P66 · P75 | walking | περιπατῶν | walking | — | | | qui | qui | walking | ܕܡܗܠܟ | walking | περιπατῶν | walking | |||||
ενP59 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | — | | | ambulat | ambulat | in | ܒܚܫܘܟܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τηP59 · P66 · P75 | the | τῇ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | |||||
σκοτιαP59 · P66 · P75 | darkness | σκοτίᾳ | darkness | σκοτια | | | in | in | darkness | ܠܐ | darkness | σκοτίᾳ | darkness | |||||
ουκP59 · P66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | tenebris | tenebris | not | — | — | οὐκ | not | |||||
οιδενP59 · P66 · P75 | knows | οἶδεν | knows | οιδεν | | | nescit | nescit | knows | ܝܕܥ | knows | οἶδεν | knows | |||||
πουP59 · P66 · P75 | where | ποῦ | where | που | | | ubi | quo | where | ܠܐܝܟܐ | where | ποῦ | where | |||||
υπαγειP59 · P66 · P75 | he is going. | ὑπάγει. | he is going. | ϋπαγει | | | uadit | vadat | he is going. | ܐܙܠ | he is going. | ὑπάγει | he is going. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||