The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | ihs | Jesus | And | ܝܫܘܥ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | cum | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | a | autem | Jesus | ܕܝܢ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | ἰδὼν | having seen | ειδων | | | uidisset | videns | having seen | ܚܙܝܗܝ | having seen | ἰδὼν | having seen | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | him | — | | | quod | quod | him | ܕܚܟܝܡܐܝܬ | him | αὐτὸν | him | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | sapienter | sapienter | that | ܡܦܢܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | νουνεχῶς | wisely | νουνεχως | | | respondisset | respondisset | wisely | ܦܬܓܡܐ | wisely | νουνεχῶς | wisely | ||||||
| — | ἀπεκρίθη | he answered | απεκριθη | | | dixit | dixit | he answered | ܥܢܐ | he answered | ἀπεκρίθη | he answered | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | illi | illi | He said | ܘܐܡܪ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ· | to him; | αυτω | | | non | Non | to him; | ܠܗ | to him; | αὐτῷ | to him; | ||||||
| — | οὐ | Not | ου | | | es | es | Not | ܠܐ | Not | Οὐ | Not | ||||||
| — | μακρὰν | far | μακραν | | | — | — | — | — | — | μακρὰν | far | ||||||
| — | εἶ | are you | ει | | | longe | longe | are you | ܗܘܝܬ | are you | εἶ | are you | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | — | a | from | ܪܚܝܩ | from | ἀπὸ | from | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | di | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείας | kingdom | βασιλειας | | | regno | regno | kingdom | ܡܢ | kingdom | βασιλείας | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ. | of God. | θυ | | | et | Dei | of God. | ܡܠܟܘܬܐ | of God. | θεοῦ | of God. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܕܐܠܗܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | οὐδεὶς | no one | ουδεις | | | nemo | nemo | no one | ܘܠܐ | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | ||||||
| — | οὐκέτι | no longer | — | | | iam | jam | no longer | ܐܢܫ | no longer | οὐκέτι | no longer | ||||||
| — | ἐτόλμα | was daring | ετολμα | | | audebat | audebat | was daring | ܬܘܒ | was daring | ἐτόλμα | was daring | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܐܡܪܚ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | ἐπερωτῆσαι.¶ | to question. | — | | | interrogare | interrogare | to question. | ܕܢܫܐܠܝܘܗܝ | to question. | ἐπερωτῆσαι | to question. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||