Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	Et	and	ܘܕܢܪܚܡܝܘܗܝ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τὸ	<the>	το	\|	illum	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
		—	ἀγαπᾶν	to love	αγαπαν	\|	—	ut	to love	ܐܢܫ	to love	ἀγαπᾷν	to love
		—	αὐτὸν	Him	αυτον	\|	—	diligatur	Him	ܡܢ	Him	αὐτὸν	Him
		—	ἐξ	with	εξ	\|	ex	ex	with	—	—	ἐξ	with
		—	ὅλης	all	ολης	\|	toto	toto	all	ܟܠܗ	all	ὅλης	all
		—	τῆς	the	της	\|	uirtute	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
		—	καρδίας	heart	καρδιας	\|	corde	corde	heart	ܠܒܐ	heart	καρδίας	heart
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἐξ	with	εξ	\|	ex	ex	with	ܟܠܗ	with	ἐξ	with
		—	ὅλης	all	ολης	\|	tota	toto	all	—	—	ὅλης	all
		—	τῆς	the	της	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
		—	συνέσεως	understanding	—	\|	—	intellectu	understanding	ܪܥܝܢܐ	understanding	συνέσεως	understanding
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἐξ	from	εξ	\|	ex	ex	from	ܟܠܗ	from	ἐξ	from
		—	ὅλης	all	ολης	\|	tota	tota	all	ܢܦܫܐ	all	ὅλης	all
		—	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	tua	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
		—	ψυχῆς	soul	ψυχης	\|	anima	anima	soul	ܘܡܢ	soul	ψυχῆς	soul
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	ἐξ	with	—	\|	ex	ex	with	ܟܠܗ	with	ἐξ	with
		—	ὅλης	all	—	\|	tota	tota	all	ܚܝܠܐ	all	ὅλης	all
		—	τῆς	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
		—	ἰσχύος	strength	—	\|	—	fortitudine	strength	ܘܕܢܪܚܡ	strength	ἰσχύος	strength
		—	καὶ	and	—	\|	et	et	and	ܩܪܝܒܗ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τὸ	<the>	το	\|	te	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
		—	ἀγαπᾶν	to love	αγαπαν	\|	diligere	diligere	to love	ܐܝܟ	to love	ἀγαπᾷν	to love
		—	τὸν	the	τον	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
		—	πλησίον	neighbour	πλησιον	\|	proximum	proximum	neighbour	—	—	πλησίον	neighbour
		—	ὡς	as	ως	\|	tamquam	tamquam	as	ܢܦܫܗ	as	ὡς	as
		—	ἑαυτὸν	oneself	—	\|	—	seipsum	oneself	ܝܬܝܪܐ	oneself	ἑαυτόν	oneself
		—	περισσότερόν	more excessive	—	\|	maius	majus	more excessive	ܗܝ	more excessive	πλεῖόν	more excessive
		—	ἐστιν	is	εστιν	\|	est	est	is	ܡܢ	is	ἐστιν	is
		—	πάντων	than all	παντων	\|	omnibus	omnibus	than all	—	—	πάντων	than all
		—	τῶν	the	των	\|	ipsum	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
		—	ὁλοκαυτωμάτων	burnt offerings	ολοκαυτωματων	\|	—	holocautomatibus	burnt offerings	ܟܠܗܘܢ	burnt offerings	ὁλοκαυτωμάτων	burnt offerings
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	—	et	and	ܝܩܕܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τῶν	<the>	—	\|	olocautomata	—	—	—	—	θυσιῶν	<the>
		—	θυσιῶν.	sacrifices.	θυσιων	\|	sacrificiis	sacrificiis	sacrifices.	ܘܕܒܚܐ	sacrifices.	θυσιῶν.	sacrifices.
	Next Fragment: Luke 1:54
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	Et	and	ܘܕܢܪܚܡܝܘܗܝ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τὸ	<the>	το	\|	illum	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
	—	ἀγαπᾶν	to love	αγαπαν	\|	—	ut	to love	ܐܢܫ	to love	ἀγαπᾷν	to love
	—	αὐτὸν	Him	αυτον	\|	—	diligatur	Him	ܡܢ	Him	αὐτὸν	Him
	—	ἐξ	with	εξ	\|	ex	ex	with	—	—	ἐξ	with
	—	ὅλης	all	ολης	\|	toto	toto	all	ܟܠܗ	all	ὅλης	all
	—	τῆς	the	της	\|	uirtute	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
	—	καρδίας	heart	καρδιας	\|	corde	corde	heart	ܠܒܐ	heart	καρδίας	heart
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἐξ	with	εξ	\|	ex	ex	with	ܟܠܗ	with	ἐξ	with
	—	ὅλης	all	ολης	\|	tota	toto	all	—	—	ὅλης	all
	—	τῆς	the	της	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
	—	συνέσεως	understanding	—	\|	—	intellectu	understanding	ܪܥܝܢܐ	understanding	συνέσεως	understanding
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἐξ	from	εξ	\|	ex	ex	from	ܟܠܗ	from	ἐξ	from
	—	ὅλης	all	ολης	\|	tota	tota	all	ܢܦܫܐ	all	ὅλης	all
	—	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	tua	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
	—	ψυχῆς	soul	ψυχης	\|	anima	anima	soul	ܘܡܢ	soul	ψυχῆς	soul
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	ἐξ	with	—	\|	ex	ex	with	ܟܠܗ	with	ἐξ	with
	—	ὅλης	all	—	\|	tota	tota	all	ܚܝܠܐ	all	ὅλης	all
	—	τῆς	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
	—	ἰσχύος	strength	—	\|	—	fortitudine	strength	ܘܕܢܪܚܡ	strength	ἰσχύος	strength
	—	καὶ	and	—	\|	et	et	and	ܩܪܝܒܗ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τὸ	<the>	το	\|	te	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
	—	ἀγαπᾶν	to love	αγαπαν	\|	diligere	diligere	to love	ܐܝܟ	to love	ἀγαπᾷν	to love
	—	τὸν	the	τον	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
	—	πλησίον	neighbour	πλησιον	\|	proximum	proximum	neighbour	—	—	πλησίον	neighbour
	—	ὡς	as	ως	\|	tamquam	tamquam	as	ܢܦܫܗ	as	ὡς	as
	—	ἑαυτὸν	oneself	—	\|	—	seipsum	oneself	ܝܬܝܪܐ	oneself	ἑαυτόν	oneself
	—	περισσότερόν	more excessive	—	\|	maius	majus	more excessive	ܗܝ	more excessive	πλεῖόν	more excessive
	—	ἐστιν	is	εστιν	\|	est	est	is	ܡܢ	is	ἐστιν	is
	—	πάντων	than all	παντων	\|	omnibus	omnibus	than all	—	—	πάντων	than all
	—	τῶν	the	των	\|	ipsum	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
	—	ὁλοκαυτωμάτων	burnt offerings	ολοκαυτωματων	\|	—	holocautomatibus	burnt offerings	ܟܠܗܘܢ	burnt offerings	ὁλοκαυτωμάτων	burnt offerings
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	—	et	and	ܝܩܕܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τῶν	<the>	—	\|	olocautomata	—	—	—	—	θυσιῶν	<the>
	—	θυσιῶν.	sacrifices.	θυσιων	\|	sacrificiis	sacrificiis	sacrifices.	ܘܕܒܚܐ	sacrifices.	θυσιῶν.	sacrifices.
Next Fragment: Luke 1:54
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܕܢܪܚܡܝܘܗܝ

and

καὶ

and

—

τὸ

<the>

το

illum

—

τὸ

<the>

—

ἀγαπᾶν

to love

αγαπαν

—

to love

ܐܢܫ

to love

ἀγαπᾷν

to love

—

αὐτὸν

Him

αυτον

—

diligatur

Him

ܡܢ

Him

αὐτὸν

Him

—

ἐξ

with

εξ

with

—

ἐξ

with

—

ὅλης

all

ολης

toto

all

ܟܠܗ

all

ὅλης

all

—

τῆς

the

της

uirtute

—

τῆς

the

—

καρδίας

heart

καρδιας

corde

heart

ܠܒܐ

heart

καρδίας

heart

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܡܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἐξ

with

εξ

with

ܟܠܗ

with

ἐξ

with

—

ὅλης

all

ολης

tota

toto

all

—

ὅλης

all

—

τῆς

the

της

—

τῆς

the

—

συνέσεως

understanding

—

intellectu

understanding

ܪܥܝܢܐ

understanding

συνέσεως

understanding

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܡܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἐξ

from

εξ

from

ܟܠܗ

from

ἐξ

from

—

ὅλης

all

ολης

tota

all

ܢܦܫܐ

all

ὅλης

all

—

τῆς

<the>

της

tua

—

τῆς

<the>

—

ψυχῆς

soul

ψυχης

anima

soul

ܘܡܢ

soul

ψυχῆς

soul

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

—

ἐξ

with

—

with

ܟܠܗ

with

ἐξ

with

—

ὅλης

all

—

tota

all

ܚܝܠܐ

all

ὅλης

all

—

τῆς

the

—

τῆς

the

—

ἰσχύος

strength

—

fortitudine

strength

ܘܕܢܪܚܡ

strength

ἰσχύος

strength

—

καὶ

and

—

and

ܩܪܝܒܗ

and

καὶ

and

—

τὸ

<the>

το

—

τὸ

<the>

—

ἀγαπᾶν

to love

αγαπαν

diligere

to love

ܐܝܟ

to love

ἀγαπᾷν

to love

—

τὸν

the

τον

—

τὸν

the

—

πλησίον

neighbour

πλησιον

proximum

neighbour

—

πλησίον

neighbour

—

ὡς

ως

tamquam

ܢܦܫܗ

ὡς

—

ἑαυτὸν

oneself

—

seipsum

oneself

ܝܬܝܪܐ

oneself

ἑαυτόν

oneself

—

περισσότερόν

more excessive

—

maius

majus

more excessive

ܗܝ

more excessive

πλεῖόν

more excessive

—

ἐστιν

εστιν

est

ܡܢ

ἐστιν

—

πάντων

than all

παντων

omnibus

than all

—

πάντων

than all

—

τῶν

the

των

ipsum

—

τῶν

the

—

ὁλοκαυτωμάτων

burnt offerings

ολοκαυτωματων

—

holocautomatibus

burnt offerings

ܟܠܗܘܢ

burnt offerings

ὁλοκαυτωμάτων

burnt offerings

—

καὶ

and

και

—

and

ܝܩܕܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

τῶν

<the>

—

olocautomata

—

θυσιῶν

<the>

—

θυσιῶν.

sacrifices.

θυσιων

sacrificiis

sacrifices.

ܘܕܒܚܐ

sacrifices.

θυσιῶν.

sacrifices.

Next Fragment: Luke 1:54

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 12:33

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 12:33

Translation Lineage