The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | ait | ait | said | ܠܗ | said | εἶπεν | said | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | illi | illi | to Him | — | — | αὐτῷ | to Him | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | quod | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | γραμματεύς· | scribe; | γραμματευς | | | scriba | scriba | scribe; | ܗܘ | scribe; | γραμματεύς | scribe; | ||||||
| — | καλῶς, | Right, | καλως | | | bene | Bene | Right, | ܤܦܪܐ | Right, | Καλῶς | Right, | ||||||
| — | διδάσκαλε, | Teacher, | — | | | magister | Magister | Teacher, | — | — | διδάσκαλε | Teacher, | ||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | according to | — | | | in | in | according to | ܫܦܝܪ | according to | ἐπ’ | according to | ||||||
| — | ἀληθείας | truth | — | | | ueritate | veritate | truth | ܪܒܝ | truth | ἀληθείας | truth | ||||||
| — | εἶπες | You have spoken | ειπες | | | dixisti | dixisti | You have spoken | ܒܫܪܪܐ | You have spoken | εἶπας | You have spoken | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | — | quia | that | — | — | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | εἷς | One | εις | | | unus | unus | One | ܐܡܪܬ | One | εἷς | One | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | He is | εστιν | | | est | est | He is | ܕܚܕ | He is | ἐστιν | He is | ||||||
| — | θεὸς | God | — | | | sit | Deus | God | ܗܘ | God | καὶ | God | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | οὐκ | and | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܘܠܝܬ | not | ἔστιν | not | ||||||
| — | ἔστιν | there is | εστιν | | | ds | est | there is | ܐܚܪܝܢ | there is | ἄλλος | there is | ||||||
| — | ἄλλος | another | — | | | — | alius | another | — | — | πλὴν | another | ||||||
| — | πλὴν | besides | πλην | | | praeter | præter | besides | ܠܒܪ | besides | αὐτοῦ | besides | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | αυτου | | | illum | eum | Him. | ܡܢܗ | Him. | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||