The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τουτοP66 · P75 | This | τοῦτο | This | τουτο | | | hoc | Hoc | This | ܗܕܐ | This | Τοῦτο | This | |||||
δεP66 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
ελεγενP66 · P75 | He was saying | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ελεγεν | | | dixit | dicebat | He was saying | ܐܡܪ | He was saying | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | |||||
σημαινωνP66 · P75 | signifying | σημαίνων | signifying | σημαινων | | | significans | significans | signifying | — | — | σημαίνων | signifying | |||||
ποιωP66 · P75 | by what | ποίῳ | by what | ποιω | | | quale | qua | by what | ܕܢܚܘܐ | by what | ποίῳ | by what | |||||
θανατωP66 · P75 | death | θανάτῳ | death | θανατω | | | morte | morte | death | ܒܐܝܢܐ | death | θανάτῳ | death | |||||
ημελλενP66 · P75 | He was about | ἤμελλεν | He was about | ημελλεν | | | erat | esset | He was about | ܡܘܬܐ | He was about | ἔμελλεν | He was about | |||||
αποθνησκεινP66 · P75 | to die. | ἀποθνῄσκειν.¶ | to die. | αποθνησκειν | | | moriturus | moriturus | to die. | ܡܐܬ | to die. | ἀποθνῄσκειν | to die. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||