Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP45		and	Καὶ	and	—	\|	respondens	Respondens	and	ܐܡܪ	and	Καὶ	and
αποκριθεισP45		answering	ἀποκριθεὶς	answering	αποκριθεις	\|	autem	autem	answering	—	—	ἀποκριθεὶς	answering
οP45		<the>	ὁ	<the>	—	\|	et	—	—	—	—	ὁ	<the>
ιηP45		And	δὲ	And	δε	\|	ihs	Jesus	And	ܕܝܢ	but	Ἰησοῦς	And
ειπενP45		Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	Jesus	—	\|	ait	dixit	Jesus	ܝܫܘܥ	Jesus	εἶπεν	Jesus
αυτοισP45		said	εἶπεν	said	ειπεν	\|	—	illis	said	—	—	αὐτοῖς	said
ταP45		to them;	αὐτοῖς·	to them;	—	\|	reddite	Reddite	to them;	ܕܩܤܪ	to them;	Ἀπόδοτε	to them;
καισαροσP45		the things	τὰ	the things	—	\|	mirabantur	—	—	—	—	τὰ	the things
αποδοτεP45		of Caesar	Καίσαρος	of Caesar	—	\|	caesaris	igitur	of Caesar	ܗܒܘ	of Caesar	Καίσαρος	of Caesar
καισαριP45		do give back	ἀπόδοτε	do give back	αποδοτε	\|	quae	quæ	do give back	—	—	Καίσαρι	do give back
καιP45		to Caesar	Καίσαρι	to Caesar	—	\|	sunt	sunt	to Caesar	ܠܩܤܪ	to Caesar	καὶ	to Caesar
ταP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	Cæsaris	and	ܘܕܐܠܗܐ	and	τὰ	and
τουP45		the things	τὰ	the things	τα	\|	super	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	the things
θυP45		<of the>	τοῦ	<of the>	του	\|	caesari	—	—	—	—	θεοῦ	<of the>
τωιP45		of God	θεοῦ	of God	—	\|	do	Cæsari	of God	—	—	τῷ	of God
θωP45		<to the>	τῷ	<to the>	τω	\|	—	—	—	—	—	θεῷ	<to the>
καιP45		to God.	θεῷ.	to God.	—	\|	et	et	to God.	ܠܐܠܗܐ	to God.	Καὶ	to God.
εξεθαυμαζονP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	quae	quæ	And	ܘܬܡܗܘ	And	ἐθαύμασαν	And
επP45		they were amazed	ἐξεθαύμαζον	they were amazed	—	\|	sunt	sunt	they were amazed	—	—	ἐπ’	they were amazed
αυτωιP45		at	ἐπ᾽	at	επ	\|	dei	Dei	at	ܗܘܘ	at	αὐτῷ	at
αὐτῷ.¶P45		Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.	—	\|	eum	Deo	Him.	ܒܗ	Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP45		and	Καὶ	and	—	\|	respondens	Respondens	and	ܐܡܪ	and	Καὶ	and
αποκριθεισP45		answering	ἀποκριθεὶς	answering	αποκριθεις	\|	autem	autem	answering	—	—	ἀποκριθεὶς	answering
οP45		<the>	ὁ	<the>	—	\|	et	—	—	—	—	ὁ	<the>
ιηP45		And	δὲ	And	δε	\|	ihs	Jesus	And	ܕܝܢ	but	Ἰησοῦς	And
ειπενP45		Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	Jesus	—	\|	ait	dixit	Jesus	ܝܫܘܥ	Jesus	εἶπεν	Jesus
αυτοισP45		said	εἶπεν	said	ειπεν	\|	—	illis	said	—	—	αὐτοῖς	said
ταP45		to them;	αὐτοῖς·	to them;	—	\|	reddite	Reddite	to them;	ܕܩܤܪ	to them;	Ἀπόδοτε	to them;
καισαροσP45		the things	τὰ	the things	—	\|	mirabantur	—	—	—	—	τὰ	the things
αποδοτεP45		of Caesar	Καίσαρος	of Caesar	—	\|	caesaris	igitur	of Caesar	ܗܒܘ	of Caesar	Καίσαρος	of Caesar
καισαριP45		do give back	ἀπόδοτε	do give back	αποδοτε	\|	quae	quæ	do give back	—	—	Καίσαρι	do give back
καιP45		to Caesar	Καίσαρι	to Caesar	—	\|	sunt	sunt	to Caesar	ܠܩܤܪ	to Caesar	καὶ	to Caesar
ταP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	Cæsaris	and	ܘܕܐܠܗܐ	and	τὰ	and
τουP45		the things	τὰ	the things	τα	\|	super	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	the things
θυP45		<of the>	τοῦ	<of the>	του	\|	caesari	—	—	—	—	θεοῦ	<of the>
τωιP45		of God	θεοῦ	of God	—	\|	do	Cæsari	of God	—	—	τῷ	of God
θωP45		<to the>	τῷ	<to the>	τω	\|	—	—	—	—	—	θεῷ	<to the>
καιP45		to God.	θεῷ.	to God.	—	\|	et	et	to God.	ܠܐܠܗܐ	to God.	Καὶ	to God.
εξεθαυμαζονP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	quae	quæ	And	ܘܬܡܗܘ	And	ἐθαύμασαν	And
επP45		they were amazed	ἐξεθαύμαζον	they were amazed	—	\|	sunt	sunt	they were amazed	—	—	ἐπ’	they were amazed
αυτωιP45		at	ἐπ᾽	at	επ	\|	dei	Dei	at	ܗܘܘ	at	αὐτῷ	at
αὐτῷ.¶P45		Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.	—	\|	eum	Deo	Him.	ܒܗ	Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.
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Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP45

and

Καὶ

and

—

respondens

Respondens

and

ܐܡܪ

and

Καὶ

and

αποκριθεισP45

answering

ἀποκριθεὶς

answering

αποκριθεις

autem

answering

—

ἀποκριθεὶς

answering

οP45

<the>

ὁ

<the>

—

ὁ

<the>

ιηP45

And

δὲ

And

δε

ihs

Jesus

And

ܕܝܢ

but

Ἰησοῦς

And

ειπενP45

Jesus

Ἰησοῦς

Jesus

—

ait

dixit

Jesus

ܝܫܘܥ

Jesus

εἶπεν

Jesus

αυτοισP45

said

εἶπεν

said

ειπεν

—

illis

said

—

αὐτοῖς

said

ταP45

to them;

αὐτοῖς·

to them;

—

reddite

Reddite

to them;

ܕܩܤܪ

to them;

Ἀπόδοτε

to them;

καισαροσP45

the things

τὰ

the things

—

mirabantur

—

τὰ

the things

αποδοτεP45

of Caesar

Καίσαρος

of Caesar

—

caesaris

igitur

of Caesar

ܗܒܘ

of Caesar

Καίσαρος

of Caesar

καισαριP45

do give back

ἀπόδοτε

do give back

αποδοτε

quae

quæ

do give back

—

Καίσαρι

do give back

καιP45

to Caesar

Καίσαρι

to Caesar

—

sunt

to Caesar

ܠܩܤܪ

to Caesar

καὶ

to Caesar

ταP45

and

καὶ

and

—

Cæsaris

and

ܘܕܐܠܗܐ

and

τὰ

and

τουP45

the things

τὰ

the things

τα

super

—

τοῦ

the things

θυP45

τοῦ

του

caesari

—

θεοῦ

τωιP45

of God

θεοῦ

of God

—

Cæsari

of God

—

τῷ

of God

θωP45

τῷ

τω

—

θεῷ

καιP45

to God.

θεῷ.

to God.

—

to God.

ܠܐܠܗܐ

to God.

Καὶ

to God.

εξεθαυμαζονP45

And

καὶ

And

και

quae

quæ

And

ܘܬܡܗܘ

And

ἐθαύμασαν

And

επP45

they were amazed

ἐξεθαύμαζον

they were amazed

—

sunt

they were amazed

—

ἐπ’

they were amazed

αυτωιP45

ἐπ᾽

επ

dei

Dei

ܗܘܘ

αὐτῷ

αὐτῷ.¶P45

Him.

αὐτῷ.¶

Him.

—

eum

Deo

Him.

ܒܗ

Him.

αὐτῷ.¶

Him.

Next Verse Available

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 12:17

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 12:17

Translation Lineage