The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εστινP75 | Is | ἔστιν | Is | εστιν | | | est | Est | Is | ܗܢܘ | Is | Ἔστιν | Is | |||||
δεP75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
αυτηP75 | this | αὕτη | this | αυτη | | | haec | hæc | this | ܡܬܠܐ | this | αὕτη | this | |||||
ηP75 | the | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | |||||
παραβοληP75 | parable: | παραβολή· | parable: | παραβολη | | | parabola | parabola | parable: | — | — | παραβολή | parable: | |||||
οP75 | The | ὁ | The | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The | |||||
σποροσP75 | seed | σπόρος | seed | σπορος | | | semen | Semen | seed | ܙܪܥܐ | seed | σπόρος | seed | |||||
εστινP75 | is | ἐστὶν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܐܝܬܘܗܝ | is | ἐστὶν | is | |||||
οP75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
λογοσP75 | word | λόγος | word | λογος | | | uerbum | verbum | word | ܡܠܬܐ | word | λόγος | word | |||||
τουP75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
θυP75 | of God. | θεοῦ. | of God. | θυ | | | dei | Dei | of God. | ܕܐܠܗܐ | of God. | θεοῦ | of God. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||