The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܥܢܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | αποκριθεις | | | respondens | respondens | answering | ܕܝܢ | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | He said | — | | | ihs | Jesus | He said | ܝܫܘܥ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to him | — | | | dixit | ait | to him | ܘܐܡܪ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | illi | illi | Jesus | ܠܗ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | — | | | scriptum | Dictum | that | — | — | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | εἴρηται· | It has been said; | — | | | est | est | It has been said; | ܐܡܝܪ | It has been said; | Εἴρηται | It has been said; | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | Not | ουκ | | | non | Non | Not | ܗܘ | Not | Οὐκ | Not | ||||||
| — | ἐκπειράσεις | you will test | εκπειρασεις | | | temptauis | tentabis | you will test | ܕܠܐ | you will test | ἐκπειράσεις | you will test | ||||||
| — | κύριον | the Lord | κν | | | dom | Dominum | the Lord | ܬܢܤܐ | the Lord | κύριον | the Lord | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | θεόν | God | θν | | | dm | Deum | God | ܠܡܪܝܐ | God | θεόν | God | ||||||
| — | σου. | of you.’ | σου | | | tuum | tuum | of you.’ | ܐܠܗܟ | of you.’ | σου | of you.’ | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 4:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||