Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP75		And	Καὶ	And	και	\|	erat	Erat	And	ܐܝܬ	And	Ἦν	And
ηνP75		it was	ἦν	it was	ην	\|	sicut	autem	it was	ܗܘܝ	it was	δὲ	it was
ηδηP75		now	δὲ	now	—	\|	—	fere	now	ܕܝܢ	but	ὡσεὶ	now
ωσειP75		already	ἤδη	already	—	\|	hora	hora	already	ܐܝܟ	already	ὥρα	already
ωραP75		about	ὡσεὶ	about	ωσει	\|	sexta	sexta	about	—	—	ἕκτη	about
εκτηP75		the hour	ὥρα	the hour	ωρα	\|	et	et	the hour	ܫܥܐ	the hour	καὶ	the hour
καιP75		sixth,	ἕκτη,	sixth,	εκτη	\|	tenebrae	tenebræ	sixth,	ܫܬ	sixth,	σκότος	sixth,
σκοτοσP75		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	factae	factæ	and	ܘܗܘܐ	and	ἐγένετο	and
εγενετοP75		darkness	σκότος	darkness	σκοτος	\|	sunt	sunt	darkness	ܚܫܘܟܐ	darkness	ἐφ’	darkness
εφP75		came	ἐγένετο	came	εγενετο	\|	in	in	came	ܥܠ	came	ὅλην	came
οληP75		over	ἐφ᾽	over	εφ	\|	et	universam	over	ܟܠܗ	over	τὴν	over
τηνP75		all	ὅλην	all	ολην	\|	terram	terram	all	—	—	γῆν	all
γηνP75		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἕως	the
εωσP75		land	γῆν	land	γην	\|	usque	usque	land	ܐܪܥܐ	land	ὥρας	land
ωρασP75		until	ἕως	until	εως	\|	totam	ad	until	ܥܕܡܐ	until	ἐνάτης	until
ενατησP75		the hour	ὥρας	the hour	ωρας	\|	hora	horam	the hour	ܠܬܫܥ	the hour	ὥρας	the hour
ἐνάτηςP75		ninth	ἐνάτης	ninth	ενατης	\|	nona	nonam	ninth	ܫܥܝܢ	ninth	ἐννάτης	ninth
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP75		And	Καὶ	And	και	\|	erat	Erat	And	ܐܝܬ	And	Ἦν	And
ηνP75		it was	ἦν	it was	ην	\|	sicut	autem	it was	ܗܘܝ	it was	δὲ	it was
ηδηP75		now	δὲ	now	—	\|	—	fere	now	ܕܝܢ	but	ὡσεὶ	now
ωσειP75		already	ἤδη	already	—	\|	hora	hora	already	ܐܝܟ	already	ὥρα	already
ωραP75		about	ὡσεὶ	about	ωσει	\|	sexta	sexta	about	—	—	ἕκτη	about
εκτηP75		the hour	ὥρα	the hour	ωρα	\|	et	et	the hour	ܫܥܐ	the hour	καὶ	the hour
καιP75		sixth,	ἕκτη,	sixth,	εκτη	\|	tenebrae	tenebræ	sixth,	ܫܬ	sixth,	σκότος	sixth,
σκοτοσP75		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	factae	factæ	and	ܘܗܘܐ	and	ἐγένετο	and
εγενετοP75		darkness	σκότος	darkness	σκοτος	\|	sunt	sunt	darkness	ܚܫܘܟܐ	darkness	ἐφ’	darkness
εφP75		came	ἐγένετο	came	εγενετο	\|	in	in	came	ܥܠ	came	ὅλην	came
οληP75		over	ἐφ᾽	over	εφ	\|	et	universam	over	ܟܠܗ	over	τὴν	over
τηνP75		all	ὅλην	all	ολην	\|	terram	terram	all	—	—	γῆν	all
γηνP75		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἕως	the
εωσP75		land	γῆν	land	γην	\|	usque	usque	land	ܐܪܥܐ	land	ὥρας	land
ωρασP75		until	ἕως	until	εως	\|	totam	ad	until	ܥܕܡܐ	until	ἐνάτης	until
ενατησP75		the hour	ὥρας	the hour	ωρας	\|	hora	horam	the hour	ܠܬܫܥ	the hour	ὥρας	the hour
ἐνάτηςP75		ninth	ἐνάτης	ninth	ενατης	\|	nona	nonam	ninth	ܫܥܝܢ	ninth	ἐννάτης	ninth
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP75

And

Καὶ

And

και

erat

Erat

And

ܐܝܬ

And

Ἦν

And

ηνP75

it was

ἦν

it was

ην

sicut

autem

it was

ܗܘܝ

it was

δὲ

it was

ηδηP75

now

δὲ

now

—

fere

now

ܕܝܢ

but

ὡσεὶ

now

ωσειP75

already

ἤδη

already

—

hora

already

ܐܝܟ

already

ὥρα

already

ωραP75

about

ὡσεὶ

about

ωσει

sexta

about

—

ἕκτη

about

εκτηP75

the hour

ὥρα

the hour

ωρα

the hour

ܫܥܐ

the hour

καὶ

the hour

καιP75

sixth,

ἕκτη,

sixth,

εκτη

tenebrae

tenebræ

sixth,

ܫܬ

sixth,

σκότος

sixth,

σκοτοσP75

and

καὶ

and

και

factae

factæ

and

ܘܗܘܐ

and

ἐγένετο

and

εγενετοP75

darkness

σκότος

darkness

σκοτος

sunt

darkness

ܚܫܘܟܐ

darkness

ἐφ’

darkness

εφP75

came

ἐγένετο

came

εγενετο

came

ܥܠ

came

ὅλην

came

οληP75

over

ἐφ᾽

over

εφ

universam

over

ܟܠܗ

over

τὴν

over

τηνP75

all

ὅλην

all

ολην

terram

all

—

γῆν

all

γηνP75

the

τὴν

the

την

—

ἕως

the

εωσP75

land

γῆν

land

γην

usque

land

ܐܪܥܐ

land

ὥρας

land

ωρασP75

until

ἕως

until

εως

totam

until

ܥܕܡܐ

until

ἐνάτης

until

ενατησP75

the hour

ὥρας

the hour

ωρας

hora

horam

the hour

ܠܬܫܥ

the hour

ὥρας

the hour

ἐνάτηςP75

ninth

ἐνάτης

ninth

ενατης

nona

nonam

ninth

ܫܥܝܢ

ninth

ἐννάτης

ninth

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Luke 23:44

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 23:44

Translation Lineage