Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
ηνP75		There was	ἦν	There was	ην	\|	erat	Erat	There was	ܐܝܬ	There was	Ἦν	There was
δεP75		now	δὲ	now	δε	\|	autem	autem	now	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	now
καιP75		also	καὶ	also	και	\|	et	et	also	ܕܝܢ	also	καὶ	also
επιγραφηP75		an inscription	ἐπιγραφὴ	an inscription	επιγραφη	\|	superscripta	superscriptio	an inscription	—	—	ἐπιγραφὴ	an inscription
επP75		written	γεγραμμένη	written	—	\|	inscriptio	scripta	written	ܐܦ	written	γεγραμμένη	written
αυτωP75		over	ἐπ᾽	over	επ	\|	super	super	over	ܟܬܒܐ	over	ἐπ’	over
οP75		Him	αὐτῷ	Him	αυτω	\|	eum	eum	Him	ܕܟܬܝܒ	Him	αὐτῷ	Him
βασιλευσP75		writings	γράμμασιν	writings	γραμμασιν	\|	litteris	litteris	writings	ܠܥܠ	writings	γράμμασιν	writings
τωνP75		in Greek	Ἑλληνικοῖς	in Greek	ελληνικοις	\|	—	græcis	in Greek	—	—	Ἑλληνικοῖς	in Greek
ιουδαιωP75		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܡܢܗ	and	καὶ	and
ουτοσP75		in Latin	Ῥωμαϊκοῖς	in Latin	ρωμαϊκοις	\|	latinis	latinis	in Latin	ܝܘܢܐܝܬ	in Latin	Ῥωμαϊκοῖς	in Latin
καὶP75		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܘܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ	and	καὶ	and
Ἑβραϊκοῖς·P75		in Hebrew;	Ἑβραϊκοῖς·	in Hebrew;	εβραϊκοις	\|	hebraicis	hebraicis	in Hebrew;	ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ	in Hebrew;	Ἑβραϊκοῖς	in Hebrew;
ἐστινP75		is	ἐστιν	is	—	\|	hic	Hic	is	—	—	Οὗτός	is
ὁP75		the	ὁ	the	ο	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἐστιν	the
βασιλεὺςP75		King	βασιλεὺς	King	βασιλευς	\|	est	est	King	ܗܢܘ	King	ὁ	King
τῶνP75		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	graecis	—	—	—	—	βασιλεὺς	of the
ἸουδαίωνP75		Jews	Ἰουδαίων	Jews	ϊουδαιων	\|	rex	rex	Jews	ܡܠܟܐ	Jews	τῶν	Jews
οὗτος.¶P75		This is.	οὗτος.¶	This is.	ουτος	\|	iudaeorum	Judæorum	This is.	ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ	This is.	Ἰουδαίων	This is.
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
ηνP75		There was	ἦν	There was	ην	\|	erat	Erat	There was	ܐܝܬ	There was	Ἦν	There was
δεP75		now	δὲ	now	δε	\|	autem	autem	now	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	now
καιP75		also	καὶ	also	και	\|	et	et	also	ܕܝܢ	also	καὶ	also
επιγραφηP75		an inscription	ἐπιγραφὴ	an inscription	επιγραφη	\|	superscripta	superscriptio	an inscription	—	—	ἐπιγραφὴ	an inscription
επP75		written	γεγραμμένη	written	—	\|	inscriptio	scripta	written	ܐܦ	written	γεγραμμένη	written
αυτωP75		over	ἐπ᾽	over	επ	\|	super	super	over	ܟܬܒܐ	over	ἐπ’	over
οP75		Him	αὐτῷ	Him	αυτω	\|	eum	eum	Him	ܕܟܬܝܒ	Him	αὐτῷ	Him
βασιλευσP75		writings	γράμμασιν	writings	γραμμασιν	\|	litteris	litteris	writings	ܠܥܠ	writings	γράμμασιν	writings
τωνP75		in Greek	Ἑλληνικοῖς	in Greek	ελληνικοις	\|	—	græcis	in Greek	—	—	Ἑλληνικοῖς	in Greek
ιουδαιωP75		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܡܢܗ	and	καὶ	and
ουτοσP75		in Latin	Ῥωμαϊκοῖς	in Latin	ρωμαϊκοις	\|	latinis	latinis	in Latin	ܝܘܢܐܝܬ	in Latin	Ῥωμαϊκοῖς	in Latin
καὶP75		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܘܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ	and	καὶ	and
Ἑβραϊκοῖς·P75		in Hebrew;	Ἑβραϊκοῖς·	in Hebrew;	εβραϊκοις	\|	hebraicis	hebraicis	in Hebrew;	ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ	in Hebrew;	Ἑβραϊκοῖς	in Hebrew;
ἐστινP75		is	ἐστιν	is	—	\|	hic	Hic	is	—	—	Οὗτός	is
ὁP75		the	ὁ	the	ο	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἐστιν	the
βασιλεὺςP75		King	βασιλεὺς	King	βασιλευς	\|	est	est	King	ܗܢܘ	King	ὁ	King
τῶνP75		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	graecis	—	—	—	—	βασιλεὺς	of the
ἸουδαίωνP75		Jews	Ἰουδαίων	Jews	ϊουδαιων	\|	rex	rex	Jews	ܡܠܟܐ	Jews	τῶν	Jews
οὗτος.¶P75		This is.	οὗτος.¶	This is.	ουτος	\|	iudaeorum	Judæorum	This is.	ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ	This is.	Ἰουδαίων	This is.
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

ηνP75

There was

ἦν

There was

ην

erat

Erat

There was

ܐܝܬ

There was

Ἦν

There was

δεP75

now

δὲ

now

δε

autem

now

ܕܝܢ

but

δὲ

now

καιP75

also

καὶ

also

και

also

ܕܝܢ

also

καὶ

also

επιγραφηP75

an inscription

ἐπιγραφὴ

an inscription

επιγραφη

superscripta

superscriptio

an inscription

—

ἐπιγραφὴ

an inscription

επP75

written

γεγραμμένη

written

—

inscriptio

scripta

written

ܐܦ

written

γεγραμμένη

written

αυτωP75

over

ἐπ᾽

over

επ

super

over

ܟܬܒܐ

over

ἐπ’

over

οP75

Him

αὐτῷ

Him

αυτω

eum

Him

ܕܟܬܝܒ

Him

αὐτῷ

Him

βασιλευσP75

writings

γράμμασιν

writings

γραμμασιν

litteris

writings

ܠܥܠ

writings

γράμμασιν

writings

τωνP75

in Greek

Ἑλληνικοῖς

in Greek

ελληνικοις

—

græcis

in Greek

—

Ἑλληνικοῖς

in Greek

ιουδαιωP75

and

καὶ

and

—

and

ܡܢܗ

and

καὶ

and

ουτοσP75

in Latin

Ῥωμαϊκοῖς

in Latin

ρωμαϊκοις

latinis

in Latin

ܝܘܢܐܝܬ

in Latin

Ῥωμαϊκοῖς

in Latin

καὶP75

and

καὶ

and

—

and

ܘܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ

and

καὶ

and

Ἑβραϊκοῖς·P75

in Hebrew;

Ἑβραϊκοῖς·

in Hebrew;

εβραϊκοις

hebraicis

in Hebrew;

ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ

in Hebrew;

Ἑβραϊκοῖς

in Hebrew;

ἐστινP75

ἐστιν

—

hic

Hic

—

Οὗτός

ὁP75

the

ὁ

the

—

ἐστιν

the

βασιλεὺςP75

King

βασιλεὺς

King

βασιλευς

est

King

ܗܢܘ

King

ὁ

King

τῶνP75

of the

τῶν

of the

των

graecis

—

βασιλεὺς

of the

ἸουδαίωνP75

Jews

Ἰουδαίων

Jews

ϊουδαιων

rex

Jews

ܡܠܟܐ

Jews

τῶν

Jews

οὗτος.¶P75

This is.

οὗτος.¶

This is.

ουτος

iudaeorum

Judæorum

This is.

ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ

This is.

Ἰουδαίων

This is.

Next Verse Available

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 23:38

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 23:38

Translation Lineage