The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εισP75 | One | Εἷς | One | ἑις | | | unus | Unus | One | ܚܕ | One | Εἷς | One | |||||
δεP75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
τωνP75 | of those | τῶν | of those | των | | | de | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of those | |||||
κρεμασθεντωνP75 | having been hanged | κρεμασθέντων | having been hanged | — | | | malignis | his | having been hanged | ܗܢܘܢ | having been hanged | κρεμασθέντων | having been hanged | |||||
κακουργωνP75 | criminals | κακούργων | criminals | κακουργων | | | — | qui | criminals | ܥܒܕܝ | criminals | κακούργων | criminals | |||||
εβλασφημειP75 | he was denigrating | ἐβλασφήμει | he was denigrating | — | | | — | pendebant | he was denigrating | ܒܝܫܬܐ | he was denigrating | ἐβλασφήμει | he was denigrating | |||||
αυτονP75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | — | latronibus | Him | ܕܨܠܝܒܝܢ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | |||||
λεγωνP75 | saying: | λέγων· | saying: | — | | | blasphemabat | blasphemabat | saying: | ܗܘܘ | saying: | λέγων | saying: | |||||
ουχιP75 | Surely | οὐχὶ | Surely | — | | | — | eum | Surely | ܥܡܗ | Surely | Εἰ | Surely | |||||
συP75 | you yourself | σὺ | you yourself | — | | | — | dicens | you yourself | ܡܓܕܦ | you yourself | σὺ | you yourself | |||||
ειP75 | are | εἶ | are | — | | | — | Si | are | ܗܘܐ | are | εἶ | are | |||||
οP75 | the | ὁ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
χσP75 | Christ? | χριστός; | Christ? | — | | | — | es | Christ? | ܘܐܡܪ | Christ? | χριστός | Christ? | |||||
σωσονP75 | do save | σῶσον | do save | — | | | — | Christus | do save | ܐܢ | do save | σῶσον | do save | |||||
σεαυτονP75 | Yourself | σεαυτὸν | Yourself | — | | | — | salvum | Yourself | ܐܢܬ | Yourself | σεαυτὸν | Yourself | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | — | fac | and | ܗܘ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ημασP75 | us! | ἡμᾶς.¶ | us! | — | | | um | temetipsum | us! | ܡܫܝܚܐ | us! | ἡμᾶς | us! | |||||
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