The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܢܦܩ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
εξελθωνP75 | having gone forth | ἐξελθὼν | having gone forth | εξελθων | | | exiens | egressus | having gone forth | ܠܒܪ | having gone forth | ἐξελθὼν | having gone forth | |||||
εξωP75 | outside | ἔξω | outside | εξω | | | foras | foras | outside | — | — | ἔξω | outside | |||||
εκλαυσενP75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
πικρωσP75 | Peter | Πέτρος | Peter | — | | | ad | Petrus | Peter | ܫܡܥܘܢ | Peter | Πέτρος | Peter | |||||
ἔκλαυσενP75 | he wept | ἔκλαυσεν | he wept | — | | | fleuit | flevit | he wept | ܒܟܐ | he wept | ἔκλαυσεν | he wept | |||||
πικρῶς.¶P75 | bitterly. | πικρῶς.¶ | bitterly. | πικρως | | | mare | amare | bitterly. | ܡܪܝܪܐܝܬ | bitterly. | πικρῶς | bitterly. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||