The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP69 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܩܡ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
αναστασP69 · P75 | having risen up | ἀναστὰς | having risen up | αναστας | | | a | cum | having risen up | ܡܢ | having risen up | ἀναστὰς | having risen up | |||||
αποP69 · P75 | from | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | surgens | surrexisset | from | ܨܠܘܬܗ | from | ἀπὸ | from | |||||
τησP69 · P75 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | ab | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
προσευχησP69 · P75 | prayer, | προσευχῆς, | prayer, | προσευχης | | | oratione | oratione | prayer, | ܘܐܬܐ | prayer, | προσευχῆς | prayer, | |||||
ελθωνP69 · P75 | having come | ἐλθὼν | having come | ελθων | | | — | et | having come | ܠܘܬ | having come | ἐλθὼν | having come | |||||
προσP69 · P75 | to | πρὸς | to | — | | | ueniens | venisset | to | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | to | πρὸς | to | |||||
τουσP69 · P75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | ad | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
μαθητασP69 · P75 | disciples | μαθητὰς | disciples | μαθητας | | | discipulos | discipulos | disciples | ܘܐܫܟܚ | disciples | μαθητὰς | disciples | |||||
ευρενP69 · P75 | He found | εὗρεν | He found | ευρεν | | | — | suos | He found | ܐܢܘܢ | He found | εὗρεν | He found | |||||
αυτουσP69 · P75 | sleeping | κοιμωμένους | sleeping | κοιμωμενους | | | inuenit | invenit | sleeping | ܟܕ | sleeping | αὐτοὺς | sleeping | |||||
καθευδοντασP69 · P75 | them | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | eos | eos | them | ܕܡܟܝܢ | them | κοιμωμένους | them | |||||
κοιμωμενουσP69 · P75 | from | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | dormientes | dormientes | from | ܡܢ | from | ἀπὸ | from | |||||
αποP69 · P75 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
τησP69 · P75 | grief | λύπης | grief | λυπης | | | tristitia | tristitia | grief | ܥܩܬܐ | grief | λύπης | grief | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||