The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | εἰσῆλθεν | Entered | εισηλθεν | | | intrauit | Intravit | Entered | ܥܠ | Entered | Εἰσῆλθεν | Entered | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | uocatur | — | — | — | — | Σατανᾶς | <the> | ||||||
| — | σατανᾶς | Satan | σατανας | | | satanas | Satanas | Satan | ܕܝܢ | Satan | εἰς | Satan | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܤܛܢܐ | into | Ἰούδαν | into | ||||||
| — | Ἰούδαν | Judas | — | | | iudan | Judam | Judas | ܒܝܗܘܕܐ | Judas | τὸν | Judas | ||||||
| — | τὸν | who | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἐπικαλούμενον | who | ||||||
| — | καλούμενον | is being called | καλουμενον | | | qui | qui | is being called | ܕܡܬܩܪܐ | is being called | Ἰσκαριώτην | is being called | ||||||
| — | Ἰσκαριώτην | Iscariot | — | | | qui | cognominabatur | Iscariot | ܤܟܪܝܘܛܐ | Iscariot | ὄντα | Iscariot | ||||||
| — | ὄντα | being | οντα | | | iscarioth | Iscariotes | being | ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ | being | ἐκ | being | ||||||
| — | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | erat | unum | of | ܗܘܐ | of | τοῦ | of | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀριθμοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀριθμοῦ | number | αριθμου | | | de | de | number | ܡܢ | number | τῶν | number | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | numero | — | — | — | — | δώδεκα | of the | ||||||
| — | δώδεκα. | Twelve. | — | | | duodecim | duodecim | Twelve. | ܡܢܝܢܐ | Twelve. | δώδεκα. | Twelve. | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||