The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ὅταν | When | οταν | | | cum | Cum | When | ܡܐ | When | Ὅταν | When | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | ἴδητε | you may see | ϊδητε | | | uideritis | videritis | you may see | ܕܚܙܝܬܘܢ | you may see | ἴδητε | you may see | ||||||
| — | κυκλουμένην | being encircled | κυκλουμενην | | | circuiri | circumdari | being encircled | ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ | being encircled | κυκλουμένην | being encircled | ||||||
| — | ὑπὸ | by | — | | | ab | ab | by | ܕܚܕܝܪܝܢ | by | ὑπὸ | by | ||||||
| — | στρατοπέδων | encampments | — | | | exercitu | exercitu | encampments | ܠܗ | encampments | στρατοπέδων | encampments | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | — | | | hierusalem | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰερουσαλήμ, | Jerusalem, | ϊερουσαλημ | | | — | Jerusalem | Jerusalem, | — | — | Ἱερουσαλήμ | Jerusalem, | ||||||
| — | τότε | then | τοτε | | | tunc | tunc | then | ܚܝܠܐ | then | τότε | then | ||||||
| — | γνῶτε | do know | — | | | scietis | scitote | do know | ܗܝܕܝܢ | do know | γνῶτε | do know | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quoniam | quia | that | ܕܥܘ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ἤγγικεν | has drawn near | ηγγικεν | | | — | appropinquavit | has drawn near | ܕܩܪܒ | has drawn near | ἤγγικεν | has drawn near | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | adpropinquauit | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | ἐρήμωσις | desolation | ερημωσις | | | desolatio | desolatio | desolation | ܠܗ | desolation | ἐρήμωσις | desolation | ||||||
| — | αὐτῆς. | of her. | αυτης | | | eius | ejus | of her. | ܚܘܪܒܗ | of her. | αὐτῆς | of her. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||