The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | fuerat | Et | and | ܘܐܡܝܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἦν | it was | ην | | | responsum | responsum | ? | ܗܘܐ | it was | ἦν | it was | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to him | — | | | a | acceperat | ? | — | — | αὐτῷ | to him | ||||||
| — | κεχρηματισμένον | revealed | — | | | autem | a | from | ܠܗ | revealed | κεχρηματισμένον | revealed | ||||||
| — | ὑπὸ | by | ϋπο | | | — | Spiritu | ? | ܡܢ | by | ὑπὸ | by | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | super | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | πνεύματος | Spirit | — | | | sancto | Sancto | ? | ܪܘܚܐ | Spirit | πνεύματος | Spirit | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἁγίου | Holy | αγιου | | | non | non | not | ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | Holy | ἁγίου | Holy | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | eum | visurum | ? | — | — | μὴ | not | ||||||
| — | ἰδεῖν | to see | ϊδειν | | | spu | se | ? | ܕܠܐ | to see | ἰδεῖν | to see | ||||||
| — | θάνατον | death | θανατον | | | — | mortem | ? | ܢܚܙܐ | death | θάνατον | death | ||||||
| — | πρὶν | before | πριν | | | mortem | nisi | unless | ܡܘܬܐ | before | πρὶν | before | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | η | | | uideat | — | — | — | — | ἢ | than | ||||||
| — | ἂν | when | — | | | prius quam | prius | ? | — | — | ἴδῃ | when | ||||||
| — | ἴδῃ | he may see | ιδη | | | uidere | videret | ? | ܕܢܚܙܐ | he may see | τὸν | he may see | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | χριστὸν | the | ||||||
| — | χριστὸν | Christ | — | | | xpm | Christum | ? | ܠܡܫܝܚܗ | Christ | κυρίου | Christ | ||||||
| — | κυρίου | of the Lord | κυ | | | dmi | Domini | of the Lord | ܕܡܪܝܐ | of the Lord | κυρίου | of the Lord | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||