The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܗܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἦλθεν | he came | ηλθεν | | | uenit | venit | he came | ܗܢܐ | he came | ἦλθεν | he came | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܐܬܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῷ | the | τω | | | eo | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | ||||||
| — | πνεύματι | Spirit | πνι | | | spo | spiritu | Spirit | ܗܘܐ | Spirit | πνεύματι | Spirit | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | — | — | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | ἱερόν· | temple; | ϊερον | | | templum | templum | temple; | ܒܪܘܚܐ | temple; | ἱερόν | temple; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | Et | and | ܠܗܝܟܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | cum | cum | in | ܘܟܕ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῷ | the time when | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the time when | ||||||
| — | εἰσαγαγεῖν | bringing in | εισαγαγειν | | | inducerent | inducerent | bringing in | ܡܥܠܝܢ | bringing in | εἰσαγαγεῖν | bringing in | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | γονεῖς | parents | γονεις | | | — | puerum | parents | ܠܗ | parents | γονεῖς | parents | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | infantem | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | παιδίον | child | παιδιον | | | ihm | Jesum | child | ܐܒܗܘܗܝ | child | παιδίον | child | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιην | | | parentes | parentes | Jesus | ܠܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | for the thing | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | for the thing | ||||||
| — | ποιῆσαι | were doing | ποιησαι | | | — | ejus | were doing | ܛܠܝܐ | were doing | ποιῆσαι | were doing | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | they | αυτους | | | ut | ut | they | — | — | αὐτοὺς | they | ||||||
| — | κατὰ | according to | κατα | | | facerent | facerent | according to | ܕܢܥܒܕܘܢ | according to | κατὰ | according to | ||||||
| — | τὸ | that | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | that | ||||||
| — | εἰθισμένον | accustomed | — | | | secundum | secundum | accustomed | ܚܠܦܘܗܝ | accustomed | εἰθισμένον | accustomed | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | by the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | by the | ||||||
| — | νόμου | law | νομου | | | consuetudinem | consuetudinem | law | ܐܝܟܢܐ | law | νόμου | law | ||||||
| — | περὶ | for | περι | | | legis | legis | for | ܕܦܩܝܕ | for | περὶ | for | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ, | Him, | αυτου | | | de | pro | Him, | ܒܢܡܘܤܐ | Him, | αὐτοῦ | Him, | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||