The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܬܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἦλθαν | they came | — | | | uenerunt | venerunt | they came | — | — | ἦλθον | they came | ||||||
| — | σπεύσαντες | having hurried | — | | | festinantes | festinantes | having hurried | ܡܤܪܗܒܐܝܬ | having hurried | σπεύσαντες | having hurried | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἀνεῦραν | they found | — | | | inuenerunt | invenerunt | they found | ܘܐܫܟܚܘ | they found | ἀνεῦρον | they found | ||||||
| — | τήν | <the> | την | | | praesepio | — | — | — | — | τήν | <the> | ||||||
| — | τε | both | — | | | mariam | Mariam | both | — | — | τε | both | ||||||
| — | Μαριὰμ | Mary | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܡܪܝܡ | Mary | Μαριὰμ | Mary | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܝܘܤܦ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰωσὴφ | Joseph | ϊωσηφ | | | iosef | Joseph | Joseph | — | — | Ἰωσήφ | Joseph | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܥܘܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | βρέφος | baby | βρεφος | | | infantem | infantem | baby | — | — | βρέφος | baby | ||||||
| — | κείμενον | lying | κειμενον | | | positum | positum | lying | ܕܤܝܡ | lying | κείμενον | lying | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | φάτνῃ. | manger. | φατνη | | | — | præsepio | manger. | ܒܐܘܪܝܐ | manger. | φάτνῃ | manger. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||