Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	Καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܗܘܐ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	ἐγένετο	it came to pass	εγενετο	\|	factum	factum	it came to pass	ܕܟܕ	it came to pass	ἐγένετο	it came to pass
		—	ὡς	as	ως	\|	est	est	as	ܐܙܠܘ	as	ὡς	as
		—	ἀπῆλθον	they were departing	απηλθον	\|	ut	ut	they were departing	ܡܢ	they were departing	ἀπῆλθον	they were departing
		—	ἀπ᾽	from	—	\|	ab	discesserunt	from	—	—	ἀπ’	from
		—	αὐτῶν	them	—	\|	abierunt	ab	them	ܠܘܬܗܘܢ	them	αὐτῶν	them
		—	εἰς	into	—	\|	eis	eis	into	ܡܠܐܟܐ	into	εἰς	into
		—	τὸν	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
		—	οὐρανὸν	heaven	—	\|	angeli	angeli	heaven	ܠܫܡܝܐ	heaven	οὐρανὸν	heaven
		—	οἱ	the	οι	\|	caelum	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
		—	ἄγγελοι,	angels,	αγγελοι	\|	in	in	angels,	ܡܠܠܘ	angels,	ἄγγελοι	angels,
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	homines	cælum	and	ܪܥܘܬܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
		—	ἄνθρωποι	men	ανθρωποι	\|	pastores	pastores	men	ܚܕ	men	ἄνθρωποι	men
		—	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	dixerunt	—	—	—	—	οἱ	<the>
		—	ποιμένες	shepherds	ποιμενες	\|	—	loquebantur	shepherds	ܥܡ	shepherds	ποιμένες	shepherds
		—	ἐλάλουν	were speaking	—	\|	ad	ad	were speaking	ܚܕ	were speaking	εἶπον	were speaking
		—	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	alterutrum	invicem	to	—	—	πρὸς	to
		—	ἀλλήλους·	one another;	αλληλους	\|	pertranseamus	Transeamus	one another;	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	one another;	ἀλλήλους	one another;
		—	διέλθωμεν	Let us go through	διελθωμεν	\|	usque	usque	Let us go through	ܢܪܕܐ	Let us go through	Διέλθωμεν	Let us go through
		—	δὴ	indeed	δη	\|	bethleem	Bethlehem	indeed	ܥܕܡܐ	indeed	δὴ	indeed
		—	ἕως	until	εως	\|	et	et	until	ܠܒܝܬ	until	ἕως	until
		—	Βηθλέεμ	Bethlehem	βηθλεεμ	\|	uideamus	videamus	Bethlehem	ܠܚܡ	Bethlehem	Βηθλέεμ	Bethlehem
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	hoc	hoc	and	ܘܢܚܙܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἴδωμεν	let us see	ϊδωμεν	\|	uerbum	verbum	let us see	ܠܡܠܬܐ	let us see	ἴδωμεν	let us see
		—	τὸ	<the>	το	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
		—	ῥῆμα	declaration	ρημα	\|	quod	quod	declaration	ܗܕܐ	declaration	ῥῆμα	declaration
		—	τοῦτο	this	τουτο	\|	factum	factum	this	—	—	τοῦτο	this
		—	τὸ	that	το	\|	et	—	—	—	—	τὸ	that
		—	γεγονὸς	having happened	—	\|	est	est	having happened	ܕܗܘܬ	having happened	γεγονός	having happened
		—	ὃ	which	ο	\|	quod	—	—	—	—	ὃ	which
		—	ὁ	the	ο	\|	dms	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
		—	κύριος	Lord	—	\|	—	Dominus	Lord	ܕܡܪܝܐ	Lord	κύριος	Lord
		—	ἐγνώρισεν	has made known	εγνωρισεν	\|	demonstrauit	ostendit	has made known	ܐܘܕܥ	has made known	ἐγνώρισεν	has made known
		—	ἡμῖν.	to us.	ημειν	\|	nobis	nobis	to us.	ܠܢ	to us.	ἡμῖν	to us.
	Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	Καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܗܘܐ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	ἐγένετο	it came to pass	εγενετο	\|	factum	factum	it came to pass	ܕܟܕ	it came to pass	ἐγένετο	it came to pass
	—	ὡς	as	ως	\|	est	est	as	ܐܙܠܘ	as	ὡς	as
	—	ἀπῆλθον	they were departing	απηλθον	\|	ut	ut	they were departing	ܡܢ	they were departing	ἀπῆλθον	they were departing
	—	ἀπ᾽	from	—	\|	ab	discesserunt	from	—	—	ἀπ’	from
	—	αὐτῶν	them	—	\|	abierunt	ab	them	ܠܘܬܗܘܢ	them	αὐτῶν	them
	—	εἰς	into	—	\|	eis	eis	into	ܡܠܐܟܐ	into	εἰς	into
	—	τὸν	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
	—	οὐρανὸν	heaven	—	\|	angeli	angeli	heaven	ܠܫܡܝܐ	heaven	οὐρανὸν	heaven
	—	οἱ	the	οι	\|	caelum	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
	—	ἄγγελοι,	angels,	αγγελοι	\|	in	in	angels,	ܡܠܠܘ	angels,	ἄγγελοι	angels,
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	homines	cælum	and	ܪܥܘܬܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
	—	ἄνθρωποι	men	ανθρωποι	\|	pastores	pastores	men	ܚܕ	men	ἄνθρωποι	men
	—	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	dixerunt	—	—	—	—	οἱ	<the>
	—	ποιμένες	shepherds	ποιμενες	\|	—	loquebantur	shepherds	ܥܡ	shepherds	ποιμένες	shepherds
	—	ἐλάλουν	were speaking	—	\|	ad	ad	were speaking	ܚܕ	were speaking	εἶπον	were speaking
	—	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	alterutrum	invicem	to	—	—	πρὸς	to
	—	ἀλλήλους·	one another;	αλληλους	\|	pertranseamus	Transeamus	one another;	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	one another;	ἀλλήλους	one another;
	—	διέλθωμεν	Let us go through	διελθωμεν	\|	usque	usque	Let us go through	ܢܪܕܐ	Let us go through	Διέλθωμεν	Let us go through
	—	δὴ	indeed	δη	\|	bethleem	Bethlehem	indeed	ܥܕܡܐ	indeed	δὴ	indeed
	—	ἕως	until	εως	\|	et	et	until	ܠܒܝܬ	until	ἕως	until
	—	Βηθλέεμ	Bethlehem	βηθλεεμ	\|	uideamus	videamus	Bethlehem	ܠܚܡ	Bethlehem	Βηθλέεμ	Bethlehem
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	hoc	hoc	and	ܘܢܚܙܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἴδωμεν	let us see	ϊδωμεν	\|	uerbum	verbum	let us see	ܠܡܠܬܐ	let us see	ἴδωμεν	let us see
	—	τὸ	<the>	το	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
	—	ῥῆμα	declaration	ρημα	\|	quod	quod	declaration	ܗܕܐ	declaration	ῥῆμα	declaration
	—	τοῦτο	this	τουτο	\|	factum	factum	this	—	—	τοῦτο	this
	—	τὸ	that	το	\|	et	—	—	—	—	τὸ	that
	—	γεγονὸς	having happened	—	\|	est	est	having happened	ܕܗܘܬ	having happened	γεγονός	having happened
	—	ὃ	which	ο	\|	quod	—	—	—	—	ὃ	which
	—	ὁ	the	ο	\|	dms	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
	—	κύριος	Lord	—	\|	—	Dominus	Lord	ܕܡܪܝܐ	Lord	κύριος	Lord
	—	ἐγνώρισεν	has made known	εγνωρισεν	\|	demonstrauit	ostendit	has made known	ܐܘܕܥ	has made known	ἐγνώρισεν	has made known
	—	ἡμῖν.	to us.	ημειν	\|	nobis	nobis	to us.	ܠܢ	to us.	ἡμῖν	to us.
Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

Καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܗܘܐ

And

Καὶ

And

—

ἐγένετο

it came to pass

εγενετο

factum

it came to pass

ܕܟܕ

it came to pass

ἐγένετο

it came to pass

—

ὡς

ως

est

ܐܙܠܘ

ὡς

—

ἀπῆλθον

they were departing

απηλθον

they were departing

ܡܢ

they were departing

ἀπῆλθον

they were departing

—

ἀπ᾽

from

—

discesserunt

from

—

ἀπ’

from

—

αὐτῶν

them

—

abierunt

them

ܠܘܬܗܘܢ

them

αὐτῶν

them

—

εἰς

into

—

eis

into

ܡܠܐܟܐ

into

εἰς

into

—

τὸν

the

—

τὸν

the

—

οὐρανὸν

heaven

—

angeli

heaven

ܠܫܡܝܐ

heaven

οὐρανὸν

heaven

—

οἱ

the

οι

caelum

—

οἱ

the

—

ἄγγελοι,

angels,

αγγελοι

angels,

ܡܠܠܘ

angels,

ἄγγελοι

angels,

—

καὶ

and

και

homines

cælum

and

ܪܥܘܬܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

οἱ

the

οι

—

οἱ

the

—

ἄνθρωποι

men

ανθρωποι

pastores

men

ܚܕ

men

ἄνθρωποι

men

—

οἱ

<the>

οι

dixerunt

—

οἱ

<the>

—

ποιμένες

shepherds

ποιμενες

—

loquebantur

shepherds

ܥܡ

shepherds

ποιμένες

shepherds

—

ἐλάλουν

were speaking

—

were speaking

ܚܕ

were speaking

εἶπον

were speaking

—

πρὸς

προς

alterutrum

invicem

—

πρὸς

—

ἀλλήλους·

one another;

αλληλους

pertranseamus

Transeamus

one another;

ܘܐܡܪܝܢ

one another;

ἀλλήλους

one another;

—

διέλθωμεν

Let us go through

διελθωμεν

usque

Let us go through

ܢܪܕܐ

Let us go through

Διέλθωμεν

Let us go through

—

δὴ

indeed

δη

bethleem

Bethlehem

indeed

ܥܕܡܐ

indeed

δὴ

indeed

—

ἕως

until

εως

until

ܠܒܝܬ

until

ἕως

until

—

Βηθλέεμ

Bethlehem

βηθλεεμ

uideamus

videamus

Bethlehem

ܠܚܡ

Bethlehem

Βηθλέεμ

Bethlehem

—

καὶ

and

και

hoc

and

ܘܢܚܙܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἴδωμεν

let us see

ϊδωμεν

uerbum

verbum

let us see

ܠܡܠܬܐ

let us see

ἴδωμεν

let us see

—

τὸ

<the>

το

—

τὸ

<the>

—

ῥῆμα

declaration

ρημα

quod

declaration

ܗܕܐ

declaration

ῥῆμα

declaration

—

τοῦτο

this

τουτο

factum

this

—

τοῦτο

this

—

τὸ

that

το

—

τὸ

that

—

γεγονὸς

having happened

—

est

having happened

ܕܗܘܬ

having happened

γεγονός

having happened

—

ὃ

which

quod

—

ὃ

which

—

ὁ

the

dms

—

ὁ

the

—

κύριος

Lord

—

Dominus

Lord

ܕܡܪܝܐ

Lord

κύριος

Lord

—

ἐγνώρισεν

has made known

εγνωρισεν

demonstrauit

ostendit

has made known

ܐܘܕܥ

has made known

ἐγνώρισεν

has made known

—

ἡμῖν.

to us.

ημειν

nobis

to us.

ܠܢ

to us.

ἡμῖν

to us.

Next Fragment: Luke 2:29

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 2:15

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 2:15

Translation Lineage