The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειP45 · P75 | lest | εἰ | lest | ει | | | siquominus | Alioquin | lest | ܘܐܢ | lest | Εἰ | lest | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | adhuc | adhuc | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
μηP45 · P75 | except | μή | except | μη | | | — | illo | except | ܠܐ | except | μήγε | except | |||||
γεP45 · P75 | indeed | γε, | indeed | γε | | | longe | longe | indeed | ܥܕ | indeed | ἔτι | indeed | |||||
ετιP45 · P75 | still | ἔτι | still | ετι | | | eo | agente | still | ܗܘ | still | πόρρω | still | |||||
αυτουP45 · P75 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | legatos | legationem | of him | ܪܚܝܩ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | |||||
πορρωP45 · P75 | far off | πόρρω | far off | πορρω | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὄντος | far off | |||||
οντοσP45 · P75 | being | ὄντος | being | οντος | | | mittens | mittens | being | ܡܢܗ | being | πρεσβείαν | being | |||||
πρεσβειανP45 · P75 | an embassy | πρεσβείαν | an embassy | — | | | rogat | rogat | an embassy | ܡܫܕܪ | an embassy | ἀποστείλας | an embassy | |||||
αποστειλασP45 · P75 | having sent | ἀποστείλας | having sent | αποστειλας | | | constitudo | ea | having sent | ܐܝܙܓܕܐ | having sent | ἐρωτᾷ | having sent | |||||
ερωταP45 · P75 | he asks | ἐρωτᾷ | he asks | ερωτα | | | quae | quæ | he asks | ܘܒܥܐ | he asks | τὰ | he asks | |||||
ειρηνηνP45 · P75 | <the> | τὰ | <the> | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | πρὸς | <the> | |||||
πρὸςP45 · P75 | for | πρὸς | for | προς | | | pacem | pacis | for | ܥܠ | for | εἰρήνην | for | |||||
εἰρήνην.¶P45 · P75 | peace. | εἰρήνην.¶ | peace. | ειρηνην | | | ad | sunt | peace. | ܫܠܡܐ | peace. | εἰρήνην.¶ | peace. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||