The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηP45 · P75 | Or | ἢ | Or | η | | | aut | — | — | — | — | Ἢ | Or | |||||
τισP45 · P75 | what | τίς | what | τις | | | quis | quis | what | ܡܢܘ | what | τίς | what | |||||
βασιλευσP45 · P75 | king | βασιλεὺς | king | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | king | ܡܠܟܐ | king | βασιλεὺς | king | |||||
πορευομενοσP45 · P75 | proceeding | πορευόμενος | proceeding | πορευομενος | | | abiens | iturus | proceeding | — | — | πορευόμενος | proceeding | |||||
ετερωιP45 · P75 | with another | ἑτέρῳ | with another | ετερω | | | committere | committere | with another | ܕܐܙܠ | with another | συμβαλεῖν | with another | |||||
βασιλειP45 · P75 | king | βασιλεῖ | king | βασιλει | | | in | bellum | king | ܠܩܪܒܐ | king | ἑτέρῳ | king | |||||
συμβαλεινP45 · P75 | to engage | συμβαλεῖν | to engage | — | | | pugnam | adversus | to engage | ܠܡܬܟܬܫܘ | to engage | βασιλεῖ | to engage | |||||
εισP45 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | alio | alium | in | ܥܡ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
πολεμονP45 · P75 | war | πόλεμον | war | πολεμον | | | regi | regem | war | ܡܠܟܐ | war | πόλεμον | war | |||||
ουP45 · P75 | not | οὐχὶ | not | — | | | nonne | non | not | — | — | οὐχὶ | not | |||||
καθισασP45 · P75 | having sat down | καθίσας | having sat down | καθισας | | | sedens | sedens | having sat down | ܚܒܪܗ | having sat down | καθίσας | having sat down | |||||
πρωτονP45 · P75 | first | πρῶτον | first | πρωτον | | | primum | prius | first | ܘܠܐ | first | πρῶτον | first | |||||
βουλευσεταιP45 · P75 | will take counsel | βουλεύσεται | will take counsel | — | | | cogitat | cogitat | will take counsel | ܠܘܩܕܡ | will take counsel | βουλεύεται | will take counsel | |||||
ειP45 · P75 | whether | εἰ | whether | ει | | | si | si | whether | ܡܬܪܥܐ | whether | εἰ | whether | |||||
δυνατοσP45 · P75 | able | δυνατός | able | δυνατος | | | continuo | possit | able | ܕܐܢ | able | δυνατός | able | |||||
εστινP45 · P75 | he is | ἐστιν | he is | εστιν | | | cum | cum | he is | ܡܫܟܚ | he is | ἐστιν | he is | |||||
ενP45 · P75 | with | ἐν | with | εν | | | decemilibus | decem | with | — | — | ἐν | with | |||||
δεκαP45 · P75 | ten | δέκα | ten | δεκα | | | milibus | millibus | ten | ܒܥܤܪܐ | ten | δέκα | ten | |||||
χειλιασινP45 · P75 | thousand | χιλιάσιν | thousand | χειλειασιν | | | potens | occurrere | thousand | ܐܠܦܝܢ | thousand | χιλιάσιν | thousand | |||||
υπαντησαιP45 · P75 | to meet | ὑπαντῆσαι | to meet | — | | | est | ei | to meet | ܠܡܐܪܥ | to meet | ἀπαντῆσαι | to meet | |||||
τωιP45 · P75 | the one | τῷ | the one | τω | | | qui | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the one | |||||
μεταP45 · P75 | with | μετὰ | with | μετα | | | illi | cum | with | ܠܗܘ | with | μετὰ | with | |||||
εικοσιP45 · P75 | twenty | εἴκοσι | twenty | εικοσι | | | uiginti | viginti | twenty | ܕܐܬܐ | twenty | εἴκοσι | twenty | |||||
χειλιαδωνP45 · P75 | thousand | χιλιάδων | thousand | χιλιαδων | | | super | millibus | thousand | — | — | χιλιάδων | thousand | |||||
ερχομενωιP45 · P75 | coming | ἐρχομένῳ | coming | ερχομενω | | | uenit | venit | coming | ܥܠܘܗܝ | coming | ἐρχομένῳ | coming | |||||
επP45 · P75 | against | ἐπ᾽ | against | επ | | | eum | ad | against | ܒܥܤܪܝܢ | against | ἐπ’ | against | |||||
αυτονP45 · P75 | him? | αὐτόν; | him? | αυτον | | | — | se | him? | ܐܠܦܝܢ | him? | αὐτόν | him? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||