The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
λεγοντεσP45 · P75 | saying | λέγοντες | saying | — | | | dicere | dicentes | saying | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | saying | λέγοντες | saying | |||||
οτιP45 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | — | | | coepit | Quia | that | ܕܗܢܐ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
ουτοσP45 · P75 | This | οὗτος | This | ουτος | | | hic | hic | This | — | — | Οὗτος | This | |||||
οP45 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ανθρωποσP45 · P75 | man | ἄνθρωπος | man | ανθρωπος | | | homo | homo | man | ܓܒܪܐ | man | ἄνθρωπος | man | |||||
ηρξατοP45 · P75 | began | ἤρξατο | began | ηρξατο | | | aedificare | cœpit | began | ܫܪܝ | began | ἤρξατο | began | |||||
οικοδομεινP45 · P75 | to build | οἰκοδομεῖν | to build | οικοδομειν | | | — | ædificare | to build | ܠܡܒܢܐ | to build | οἰκοδομεῖν | to build | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ουκP45 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | — | — | οὐκ | not | |||||
ισχυσενP45 · P75 | he was able | ἴσχυσεν | he was able | ισχυσεν | | | potuit | potuit | he was able | ܐܫܟܚ | he was able | ἴσχυσεν | he was able | |||||
εκτελεσαιP45 · P75 | to finish. | ἐκτελέσαι. | to finish. | εκτελεσαι | | | perficere | consummare | to finish. | ܠܡܫܠܡܘ | to finish. | ἐκτελέσαι | to finish. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||