The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | and | ܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | λέγει | says | λεγει | | | ait | ait | ? | ܠܗ | says | λέγει | says | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | illi | illi | to him/those | ܝܫܘܥ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | negabis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܐܡܝܢ | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | ||||||
| — | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | Amen | truly/amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | Ἀμὴν | Amen | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | dico | dico | ? | — | — | λέγω | I say | ||||||
| — | σοι | to you | σοι | | | tibi | tibi | ? | ܐܢܐ | to you | σοι | to you | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quod | quia | because/that | ܠܟ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | σὺ | yourself | — | | | — | tu | you | ܕܐܢܬ | yourself | σὺ | yourself | ||||||
| — | σήμερον | now | — | | | — | hodie | ? | ܝܘܡܢܐ | now | σήμερον | now | ||||||
| — | ταύτῃ | this | ταυτη | | | — | in | in | ܒܠܠܝܐ | this | ἐν | this | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | — | | | nocte | nocte | at night | ܗܢܐ | in | τῇ | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | — | hac | ? | — | — | νυκτὶ | <the> | ||||||
| — | νυκτὶ | night | νυκτει | | | hac | priusquam | ? | ܩܕܡ | night | ταύτῃ | night | ||||||
| — | πρὶν | before | πριν | | | priusquam | gallus | ? | ܕܢܩܪܐ | before | πρὶν | before | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | — | | | gallus | — | — | — | — | ἢ | than | ||||||
| — | δὶς | twice | — | | | — | bis | ? | — | — | δὶς | twice | ||||||
| — | ἀλέκτορα | the rooster | αλεκτορα | | | — | dederit | ? | ܬܪܬܝܢ | the rooster | ἀλέκτορα | the rooster | ||||||
| — | φωνῆσαι | crowing | φωνησαι | | | — | ter | ? | ܙܒܢܝܢ | crowing | φωνῆσαι | crowing | ||||||
| — | τρίς | three times | τρις | | | ter | me | me | ܬܠܬ | three times | τρὶς | three times | ||||||
| — | με | Me | με | | | me | es | ? | ܬܟܦܘܪ | Me | ἀπαρνήσῃ | Me | ||||||
| — | ἀπαρνήσῃ. | you will deny. | απαρνηση | | | cantet | negaturus | ? | ܒܝ | you will deny. | με | you will deny. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||