The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 · P75 | And | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | and | ܘܥܢܐ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
αποκριθεισP45 · P75 | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | αποκριθεις | | | respondens | respondens | ? | — | — | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | |||||
οP45 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | doctores | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ιησP45 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ειπενP45 · P75 | spoke | εἶπεν | spoke | ειπεν | | | — | dixit | said | — | — | εἶπεν | spoke | |||||
προσP45 · P75 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | dixit | ad | to | ܘܐܡܪ | to | πρὸς | to | |||||
τουσP45 · P75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
νομικουσP45 · P75 | lawyers | νομικοὺς | lawyers | νομικους | | | ad | legisperitos | ? | ܠܤܦܪܐ | lawyers | νομικοὺς | lawyers | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | legis | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
φαρεισαιουσP45 · P75 | to the Pharisees | Φαρισαίους | to the Pharisees | φαρισαιους | | | et | pharis | ? | ܘܠܦܪܝܫܐ | to the Pharisees | Φαρισαίους | to the Pharisees | |||||
λεγωνP45 · P75 | saying; | λέγων· | saying; | — | | | pharisaeos | os | ? | — | — | λέγων | saying; | |||||
ειP45 · P75 | if | εἰ | if | — | | | aut | dicens | saying | ܕܐܢ | if | Εἰ | if | |||||
εξεστινP45 · P75 | Is it lawful | ἔξεστιν | Is it lawful | εξεστιν | | | — | Si | if | — | — | ἔξεστιν | Is it lawful | |||||
τωιP45 · P75 | on the | τῷ | on the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | on the | |||||
σαββατωιP45 · P75 | Sabbath | σαββάτῳ | Sabbath | σαββατω | | | non | licet | ? | ܫܠܝܛ | Sabbath | σαββάτῳ | Sabbath | |||||
θεραπευσαιP45 · P75 | to heal | θεραπεῦσαι | to heal | θεραπευσαι | | | licet | sabbato | ? | ܒܫܒܬܐ | to heal | θεραπεύειν | to heal | |||||
ἢP45 · P75 | or | ἢ | or | η | | | sabbato | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | |||||
οὔ;P45 · P75 | not? | οὔ; | not? | ου | | | curare | curare | ? | ܠܡܐܤܝܘ | not? | οὔ; | not? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||