The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τηνP103 · P77 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ïohannen | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
γυναικαP103 · P77 | For | γὰρ | For | γαρ | | | herodes | Herodes | For | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | For | |||||
φιλιππουP103 · P77 | Herod | Ἡρῴδης | Herod | ηρωδης | | | enim | enim | Herod | ܓܝܪ | Herod | Ἡρῴδης | Herod | |||||
τουP103 · P77 | having seized | κρατήσας | having seized | κρατησας | | | tenens | tenuit | having seized | ܗܪܘܕܤ | having seized | κρατήσας | having seized | |||||
αδελφουP103 · P77 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
αυτουP103 · P77 | John | Ἰωάννην | John | ϊωαννην | | | — | Joannem | John | ܐܚܕ | John | Ἰωάννην | John | |||||
ἔδησενP103 · P77 | he bound | ἔδησεν | he bound | εδησεν | | | — | et | he bound | ܗܘܐ | he bound | ἔδησεν | he bound | |||||
αὐτὸνP103 · P77 | him | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | — | alligavit | him | ܠܝܘܚܢܢ | him | αὐτὸν | him | |||||
καὶP103 · P77 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | eum | eum | and | ܘܐܤܪܗ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ἐνP103 · P77 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | et | in | — | — | ἔθετο | in | |||||
τῇP103 · P77 | <the> | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἐν | <the> | |||||
φυλακῇP103 · P77 | prison | φυλακῇ | prison | φυλακη | | | — | posuit | prison | ܘܐܪܡܝܗ | prison | φυλακῇ | prison | |||||
ἀπέθετοP103 · P77 | put him aside | ἀπέθετο | put him aside | — | | | in | in | put him aside | ܒܝܬ | put him aside | διὰ | put him aside | |||||
διὰP103 · P77 | on account of | διὰ | on account of | δια | | | carcere | carcerem | on account of | ܐܤܝܪܐ | on account of | Ἡρῳδιάδα | on account of | |||||
ἩρῳδιάδαP103 · P77 | Herodias | Ἡρῳδιάδα | Herodias | ηρωδιαδα | | | propter | propter | Herodias | ܡܛܠ | Herodias | τὴν | Herodias | |||||
τὴνP103 · P77 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | γυναῖκα | the | |||||
γυναῖκαP103 · P77 | wife | γυναῖκα | wife | γυναικα | | | herodiadem | Herodiadem | wife | ܗܪܘܕܝܐ | wife | Φιλίππου | wife | |||||
ΦιλίππουP103 · P77 | of Philip | Φιλίππου | of Philip | — | | | uxorem | uxorem | of Philip | ܐܢܬܬ | of Philip | τοῦ | of Philip | |||||
τοῦP103 · P77 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | ligauit | — | — | — | — | ἀδελφοῦ | the | |||||
ἀδελφοῦP103 · P77 | brother | ἀδελφοῦ | brother | αδελφου | | | fratris | fratris | brother | ܦܝܠܝܦܘܤ | brother | αὐτοῦ | brother | |||||
αὐτοῦ.P103 · P77 | of him. | αὐτοῦ. | of him. | αυτου | | | sui | sui | of him. | ܐܚܘܗܝ | of him. | αὐτοῦ. | of him. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||