The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ελεγενP103 · P77 | Were saying | ἔλεγεν | Were saying | ελεγεν | | | dicebat | Dicebat | Were saying | ܐܡܪ | Were saying | Ἔλεγεν | Were saying | |||||
γαρP103 · P77 | for | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | |||||
οP103 · P77 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | ei | — | — | — | — | αὐτῷ | <the> | |||||
ιωαννησP103 · P77 | John | Ἰωάννης | John | — | | | — | illi | John | ܓܝܪ | John | ὁ | John | |||||
αυτωP103 · P77 | to him; | αὐτῷ· | to him; | αυτω | | | ïohannes | Joannes | to him; | ܝܘܚܢܢ | to him; | Ἰωάννης | to him; | |||||
ουκP103 · P77 | Not | οὐκ | Not | ουκ | | | non | Non | Not | ܕܠܐ | Not | Οὐκ | Not | |||||
εξεστινP103 · P77 | it is lawful | ἔξεστίν | it is lawful | εξεστιν | | | licet | licet | it is lawful | ܫܠܝܛ | it is lawful | ἔξεστίν | it is lawful | |||||
σοιP103 · P77 | for you | σοι | for you | σοι | | | tibi | tibi | for you | ܕܬܗܘܐ | for you | σοι | for you | |||||
εχεινP103 · P77 | to have | ἔχειν | to have | εχειν | | | habere | habere | to have | ܠܟ | to have | ἔχειν | to have | |||||
αυτηνP103 · P77 | her. | αὐτήν. | her. | αυτην | | | eam | eam | her. | ܐܢܬܬܐ | her. | αὐτήν | her. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||