The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
πυρP45 · P75 | Fire | Πῦρ | Fire | πυρ | | | ignem | Ignem | Fire | ܢܘܪܐ | Fire | Πῦρ | Fire | |||||
ηλθονP45 · P75 | I came | ἦλθον | I came | ηλθον | | | ueni | veni | I came | ܐܬܝܬ | I came | ἦλθον | I came | |||||
βαλεινP45 · P75 | to cast | βαλεῖν | to cast | βαλειν | | | mittere | mittere | to cast | ܕܐܪܡܐ | to cast | βαλεῖν | to cast | |||||
εισP45 · P75 | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | — | | | in | in | upon | ܒܐܪܥܐ | upon | εἰς | upon | |||||
τηνP45 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | si | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
γηνP45 · P75 | earth | γῆν | earth | γην | | | terram | terram | earth | ܘܨܒܐ | earth | γῆν | earth | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
τιP45 · P75 | how | τί | how | τι | | | quid | quid | how | ܐܢܐ | how | τί | how | |||||
θελωP45 · P75 | I wish | θέλω | I wish | θελω | | | uolo | volo | I wish | ܐܠܘ | I wish | θέλω | I wish | |||||
ειP45 · P75 | if | εἰ | if | ει | | | iam | nisi | if | ܡܢ | if | εἰ | if | |||||
ηδηP45 · P75 | already | ἤδη | already | ηδη | | | est | ut | already | ܟܕܘ | already | ἤδη | already | |||||
ανηφθηP45 · P75 | it be kindled! | ἀνήφθη. | it be kindled! | ανηφθη | | | accensum | accendatur | it be kindled! | ܚܒܬ | it be kindled! | ἀνήφθη | it be kindled! | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||