The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
μηP66 · P75 | Surely not | μὴ | Surely not | μη | | | numquid | Numquid | Surely not | ܠܡܐ | Surely not | Μὴ | Surely not | |||||
συP66 · P75 | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | συ | | | tu | tu | You yourself | ܐܢܬ | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | |||||
μιζωνP66 · P75 | greater | μείζων | greater | μειζων | | | maior | major | greater | ܪܒ | greater | μείζων | greater | |||||
ειP66 · P75 | are | εἶ | are | ει | | | es | es | are | ܐܢܬ | are | εἶ | are | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | than the | τοῦ | than the | του | | | facis | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | than the | |||||
πατροσP66 · P75 | father | πατρὸς | father | — | | | quoniam | patre | father | ܡܢ | father | πατρὸς | father | |||||
ημωνP66 · P75 | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | — | | | — | nostro | of us | ܐܒܘܢ | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | |||||
αβρααμP66 · P75 | Abraham, | Ἀβραάμ, | Abraham, | αβρααμ | | | abraham | Abraham | Abraham, | ܐܒܪܗܡ | Abraham, | Ἀβραάμ | Abraham, | |||||
οστισP66 · P75 | who | ὅστις | who | — | | | — | qui | who | — | — | ὅστις | who | |||||
απεθανενP66 · P75 | died? | ἀπέθανεν; | died? | απεθανεν | | | mortuus | mortuus | died? | ܕܡܝܬ | died? | ἀπέθανεν | died? | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | est | est | And | ܘܡܢ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
οιP66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
προφηταιP66 · P75 | prophets | προφῆται | prophets | προφηται | | | et | et | prophets | ܢܒܝܐ | prophets | προφῆται | prophets | |||||
απεθανονP66 · P75 | died! | ἀπέθανον. | died! | — | | | prophetae | prophetæ | died! | ܕܡܝܬܘ | died! | ἀπέθανον | died! | |||||
τιναP66 · P75 | Whom | τίνα | Whom | τινα | | | mortui | mortui | Whom | ܡܢܘ | Whom | τίνα | Whom | |||||
σεαυτονP66 · P75 | yourself | σεαυτὸν | yourself | σεαυτον | | | sunt | sunt | yourself | ܥܒܕ | yourself | σεαυτὸν | yourself | |||||
ποιεισP66 · P75 | you yourself | σὺ | you yourself | — | | | quem | Quem | you yourself | ܐܢܬ | you yourself | σὺ | you yourself | |||||
ποιεῖς;¶P66 · P75 | make You? | ποιεῖς;¶ | make You? | ποιεις | | | te | teipsum | make You? | ܢܦܫܟ | make You? | ποιεῖς | make You? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||