The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τοP66 · P75 | The | τὸ | The | το | | | sps | — | — | — | — | Τὸ | The | |||||
πναP66 · P75 | Spirit | πνεῦμά | Spirit | πνα | | | est | si | Spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | Spirit | πνεῦμά | Spirit | |||||
εστινP66 · P75 | is | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | qui | — | — | ܗܝ | is | ἐστιν | is | |||||
τοP66 · P75 | the one | τὸ | the one | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the one | |||||
ζωοποιουνP66 · P75 | giving life, | ζῳοποιοῦν, | giving life, | ζωοποιουν | | | uiuificat | ergo | giving life, | ܕܡܚܝܐ | giving life, | ζῳοποιοῦν | giving life, | |||||
ηP66 · P75 | the | ἡ | the | η | | | caro | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | |||||
σαρξP66 · P75 | flesh | σὰρξ | flesh | σαρξ | | | nihil | — | — | ܦܓܪܐ | flesh | σὰρξ | flesh | |||||
ουκP66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | prode | videritis | not | — | — | οὐκ | not | |||||
ωφελειP66 · P75 | profits | ὠφελεῖ | profits | ωφελει | | | est | — | — | ܠܐ | profits | ὠφελεῖ | profits | |||||
ουδενP66 · P75 | no thing; | οὐδέν· | no thing; | ουδεν | | | uerba | Filium | no thing; | ܡܗܢܐ | no thing; | οὐδέν | no thing; | |||||
ταP66 · P75 | The | τὰ | The | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | The | |||||
ρηματαP66 · P75 | declarations | ῥήματα | declarations | ρηματα | | | quae | — | — | ܡܕܡ | declarations | ῥήματα | declarations | |||||
αP66 · P75 | that | ἃ | that | α | | | ego | hominis | that | ܡܠܐ | that | ἃ | that | |||||
εγωP66 · P75 | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | εγω | | | locututus | — | — | ܕܐܢܐ | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | |||||
λελαληκαP66 · P75 | have spoken | λελάληκα | have spoken | λελαληκα | | | sum | ascendentem | have spoken | ܡܠܠܬ | have spoken | λαλῶ | have spoken | |||||
υμινP66 · P75 | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | uobis | — | — | ܥܡܟܘܢ | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | |||||
πναP66 · P75 | spirit | πνεῦμά | spirit | πνα | | | sps | ubi | spirit | — | — | πνεῦμά | spirit | |||||
εστινP66 · P75 | are | ἐστιν | are | εστιν | | | — | — | — | ܪܘܚܐ | are | ἐστιν | are | |||||
ζωηP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | est | erat | and | ܐܢܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
εστινP66 · P75 | life | ζωή | life | ζωη | | | uita | — | — | ܘܚܝܐ | life | ζωή | life | |||||
ἐστιν.P66 · P75 | they are. | ἐστιν. | they are. | εστιν | | | est | prius | they are. | ܐܢܝܢ | they are. | ἐστιν | they are. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||