The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
πολλοιP66 · P75 | Many | πολλοὶ | Many | πολλοι | | | multi | Hæc | Many | ܘܤܓܝܐܐ | Many | Πολλοὶ | Many | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | — | — | ܕܫܡܥܘ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
ακουσαντεσP66 · P75 | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | — | | | dixerunt | dixit | having heard | — | — | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | |||||
εκP66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | ex | — | — | ܡܢ | of | ἐκ | of | |||||
τωνP66 · P75 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | discipulis | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
μαθητωνP66 · P75 | disciples | μαθητῶν | disciples | μαθητων | | | eius | — | — | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | disciples | μαθητῶν | disciples | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | αυτου | | | audientes | in | of Him | ܐܡܪܝܢ | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | |||||
ειπονP66 · P75 | said; | εἶπαν· | said; | ειπαν | | | durus | — | — | ܩܫܝܐ | said; | εἶπον | said; | |||||
σκληροσP66 · P75 | Difficult | σκληρός | Difficult | σκληρος | | | — | synagoga | Difficult | — | — | Σκληρός | Difficult | |||||
εστινP66 · P75 | is | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | — | — | ܗܝ | is | ἐστιν | is | |||||
οP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | sermo | — | — | — | — | οὗτος | <the> | |||||
λογοσP66 · P75 | word | λόγος | word | λογος | | | hic | docens | word | ܡܠܬܐ | word | ὁ | word | |||||
ουτοσP66 · P75 | this; | οὗτος· | this; | ουτος | | | et | — | — | ܗܕܐ | this; | λόγος | this; | |||||
τισP66 · P75 | who | τίς | who | τις | | | quis | — | — | ܡܢܘ | who | τίς | who | |||||
δυναταιP66 · P75 | is able | δύναται | is able | δυναται | | | potest | in | is able | — | — | δύναται | is able | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | it | αὐτοῦ | it | αυτου | | | illum | — | — | ܡܫܟܚ | it | αὐτοῦ | it | |||||
ακουεινP66 · P75 | to hear? | ἀκούειν;¶ | to hear? | ακουειν | | | audire | Capharnaum | to hear? | ܠܡܫܡܥܗ | to hear? | ἀκούειν | to hear? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||