The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειδωσP66 · P75 | knowing | Εἰδὼς | knowing | — | | | ut | Multi | knowing | ܝܫܘܥ | knowing | Εἰδὼς | knowing | |||||
δεP66 · P75 | however | δὲ | however | — | | | ergo | ergo | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | |||||
οP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | cognouit | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ισP66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | audientes | Jesus | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ενP66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | — | | | quod | ex | in | ܝܕܥ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
εαυτωP66 · P75 | Himself | ἑαυτῷ | Himself | — | | | discipuli | discipulis | Himself | ܒܢܦܫܗ | Himself | ἑαυτῷ | Himself | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | eius | ejus | that | ܕܪܛܢܝܢ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
γογγυζουσινP66 · P75 | are grumbling | γογγύζουσιν | are grumbling | — | | | dixit | dixerunt | are grumbling | ܥܠ | are grumbling | γογγύζουσιν | are grumbling | |||||
περιP66 · P75 | about | περὶ | about | περι | | | intra | Durus | about | — | — | περὶ | about | |||||
τουτουP66 · P75 | this | τούτου | this | τουτου | | | murmurant | est | this | ܗܕܐ | this | τούτου | this | |||||
οιP66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
μαθηταιP66 · P75 | disciples | μαθηταὶ | disciples | μαθηται | | | de | hic | disciples | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | disciples | μαθηταὶ | disciples | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | αυτου | | | se | sermo | of Him | ܘܐܡܪ | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | |||||
ειπενP66 · P75 | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | illo | et | He said | ܠܗܘܢ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | |||||
αυτοισP66 · P75 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | illis | quis | to them; | — | — | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
ισP66 · P75 | This | τοῦτο | This | τουτο | | | hoc | potest | This | ܗܕܐ | This | Τοῦτο | This | |||||
τουτοP66 · P75 | you | ὑμᾶς | you | ϋμας | | | uos | eum | you | ܡܟܫܠܐ | you | ὑμᾶς | you | |||||
υμασP66 · P75 | does offend? | σκανδαλίζει; | does offend? | σκανδαλιζει | | | scandalizat | audire | does offend? | ܠܟܘܢ | does offend? | σκανδαλίζει | does offend? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||