The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εγογγυζονP66 · P75 | Were grumbling | Ἐγόγγυζον | Were grumbling | εγογγυζον | | | murmurabant | Murmurabant | Were grumbling | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | Were grumbling | Ἐγόγγυζον | Were grumbling | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | — | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οιP66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
ιουδαιοιP66 · P75 | Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews | ϊουδαιοι | | | iudaei | Judæi | Jews | ܪܛܢܝܢ | Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews | |||||
περιP66 · P75 | about | περὶ | about | περι | | | de | de | about | ܗܘܘ | about | περὶ | about | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | Him | αὐτοῦ | Him | αυτου | | | illo | illo | Him | ܥܠܘܗܝ | Him | αὐτοῦ | Him | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | qui | quia | because | ܕܐܡܪ | because | ὅτι | because | |||||
ειπενP66 · P75 | He said; | εἶπεν· | He said; | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixisset | He said; | — | — | εἶπεν | He said; | |||||
εγωP66 · P75 | I myself | ἐγώ | I myself | εγω | | | ego | Ego | I myself | ܕܐܢܐ | I myself | Ἐγώ | I myself | |||||
ειμιP66 · P75 | am | εἰμι | am | ειμι | | | sum | sum | am | ܐܢܐ | am | εἰμι | am | |||||
οP66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | descendi | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
αρτοσP66 · P75 | bread | ἄρτος | bread | αρτος | | | panis | panis | bread | ܠܚܡܐ | bread | ἄρτος | bread | |||||
οP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
καταβασP66 · P75 | having come down | καταβὰς | having come down | καταβας | | | — | vivus | having come down | ܕܢܚܬܬ | having come down | καταβὰς | having come down | |||||
εκP66 · P75 | from | ἐκ | from | εκ | | | — | qui | from | ܡܢ | from | ἐκ | from | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | caelo | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
ουρανουP66 · P75 | heaven; | οὐρανοῦ· | heaven; | ουρανου | | | de | de | heaven; | ܫܡܝܐ | heaven; | οὐρανοῦ | heaven; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||