The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οP66 · P75 | The one | ὁ | The one | ο | | | est | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The one | |||||
λαβωνP66 · P75 | having received | λαβὼν | having received | λαβων | | | qui | Qui | who/which | ܗܘ | having received | λαβὼν | having received | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | His | αὐτοῦ | His | αυτου | | | accepit | accepit | received/took | ܕܝܢ | His | αὐτοῦ | His | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | |||||
μαρτυριανP66 · P75 | testimony | μαρτυρίαν | testimony | μαρτυριαν | | | eius | testimonium | ? | ܕܩܒܠ | testimony | μαρτυρίαν | testimony | |||||
τουτοP66 · P75 | has set his seal | ἐσφράγισεν | has set his seal | εσφραγισεν | | | testimonium | signavit | ? | ܤܗܕܘܬܗ | has set his seal | ἐσφράγισεν | has set his seal | |||||
ουτοσP66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | signauit | quia | because/that | ܚܬܡ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
εσφραγισενP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | God | θεὸς | God | — | | | — | Deus | God | ܕܐܠܗܐ | God | θεὸς | God | |||||
οP66 · P75 | true | ἀληθής | true | αληθης | | | ds | verax | ? | ܫܪܝܪܐ | true | ἀληθής | true | |||||
θσP66 · P75 | is. | ἐστιν. | is. | εστιν | | | uerax | est | is | ܗܘ | is. | ἐστιν | is. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||